Abstract
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in newborns and also one of the most common causes of hip arthritis in women. Many topics concerning DDH still remain controversial, and the global research trend in this field has not been well-studied yet. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the overall knowledge structure, development trends, and research hotspots of DDH.Methods: The publications related to DDH from 1998 to 2020 were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Three bibliometric tools were used to conduct visualization and knowledge maps. Annual trends of publications, contributions of countries, institutions, authors, funding agencies and journals, and clustering of keywords were analyzed.Results: A total of 2,691 publications were included. The annual number of DDH publications showed an increasing trend worldwide. The United States has made the greatest contribution, with the largest number of publications and the highest H-index. The most prolific institutions were Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Shriners Hospital for Children. Professors Tönnis D, Harris WH, Crowe JF, Graf R, and Salter RB have made great achievements in this field. However, the collaboration between international institutions or researchers was relatively low and mainly conducted in European and American countries. All the keywords could be divided into five clusters: hip osteoarthritis study, hip replacement study, hip ultrasound study, osteotomy surgery study, and etiology study. A trend of balanced and diversified development existed in these clusters. Keywords with the ongoing bursts, including clinical outcome, risk factor, femoroacetabular impingement, predictor, arthroscopy, morphology, and anteversion may continue to be the research hotspots in the near future.Conclusions: There will be an increasing number of publications on DDH research, and the United States stay ahead in this field. International collaboration needs to be further strengthened. The information can provide helpful references for researchers to explore hot issues or target a specific field of DDH.
Highlights
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital, developmental deformation, or misalignment of the hip joint, which is affected by genetic, environmental, and mechanical factors
Previous studies showed that approximately 17% of patients with DDH requiring the open surgical intervention of a dislocated hip in childhood may eventually progress to total hip arthroplasty (THA)
A variety of databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, are able to meet the requirement for evaluating the global DDH research trends, the data for this study were collected from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-Expanded) of Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) [19, 24]
Summary
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital, developmental deformation, or misalignment of the hip joint, which is affected by genetic, environmental, and mechanical factors. The definition encompasses a broad range of presentations, from mild acetabular dysplasia, deficient coverage of the femoral head; that the incidence of DDH in newborns ranges from 1 to 7% across several distinct populations results from differing genetic predisposition and cultural practices [1,2,3,4]. The goal in the early treatment is to achieve and maintain the concentric reduction of the acetabulum and femoral head to allow for continuing normal development of the hip. If allowed to natural progress without treatment, the femoral head may gradually displace proximally or laterally, leading to accelerated degeneration of the articular cartilage and hip osteoarthritis in young adults [7, 8]. The aim of the present study was to illustrate the overall knowledge structure, development trends, and research hotspots of DDH
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