Abstract
SummaryThe variable soils of the recent alluvium of parts of Iraq contain horizons falling into two groups, viz. bad‐structured horizons which are hard and dense with marked vertical cracking, and well‐structured horizons characterized by a friable consistency and higher porosity. Gilgai occurs as the extreme bad‐structured phase. The only constant difference in laboratory data between these groups is the low laboratory permeability in the bad‐structured horizons. These features cannot be explained using the causes so far put forward for gilgaied soils in Australia, but they suggest an explanation of the process of formation of bad structure (in the agricultural sense) in terms of compaction by weathering agents. It is suggested as being a process which is habitually taking part in the development of solonetz soils, since the latter always seem to be characterized by this bad structure.
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