Abstract
“Roveja di Civita di Cascia” is a landrace of Pisum sativum grown in marginal land habitats of the Apennines, Central Italy, and is one of the eleven herbaceous crop landraces listed in the Regional Register of local varieties. The objective of the present paper was to assess its genetic structure using 62 morphological traits and five microsatellites. As many as 55 traits showed significant differences with the control entries (P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense and var. sativum). We tested P. sativum Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) for their transferability to “Roveja”, and found that only 12 out of 35 performed well. Of these, we demonstrated that five were sufficient to assess the genetic structure of this landrace, characterized by several private alleles, differentiating it from Paladio and Bluemoon, which were used as controls. Phenotypic and genotypic data evidenced a genetic structure based on a blend of several pure-bred lines. The sustainability of on-farm landrace conservation is discussed.
Highlights
IntroductionSeveral archeological evidences date its presence in the Middle East and Central Asia as early as 10,000 B.C., where, together with other legumes and cereals, it represented an important component of the diet of those civilizations [4,5,6]
Pea (Pisum sativum L., family Fabaceae, genus Pisum, 2n = 14) is an annual herbaceous plant predominantly autogamous, native in the Middle East, between the Caucasus and Mesopotamia, with a secondary center of diversification in the Mediterranean Basin and in Ethiopia [1,2,3]
The controls are represented by the original Civita di Cascia landrace (CC_ori), two local accessions conserved in the Germplasm Bank of the University of Perugia: Castelluccio 3501 (CA) and Cermis 4767 (CE), the commercial, leafless Bluemoon variety (BM) of P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense and the commercial variety Paladio of P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum (PS)
Summary
Several archeological evidences date its presence in the Middle East and Central Asia as early as 10,000 B.C., where, together with other legumes and cereals, it represented an important component of the diet of those civilizations [4,5,6]. The botanical classification of the genus Pisum has not yet been completely clarified. It was considered a genus composed by five species, later a monotypic genus, and more recently, a genus with two species [3,9,10,11,12]. According to the most recently accredited classification, the genus Pisum includes the wild species P. fulvum found in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Israel, and the cultivated species P. abyssinicum from Yemen and Ethiopia and P. sativum distributed throughout the world and consisting of both wild According to the most recently accredited classification, the genus Pisum includes the wild species P. fulvum found in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Israel, and the cultivated species P. abyssinicum from Yemen and Ethiopia and P. sativum distributed throughout the world and consisting of both wild (P. sativum subsp. elatius) and cultivated subspecies (P. sativum L. subsp. sativum) [2]
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