Abstract

The acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) is a 10-kDa intracellular lipid-binding protein that transports acylCoA esters. The protein is expressed in most cell types at low levels; however, expression is particularly high in cells with a high turnover of fatty acids. Here we confirm a previous observation that ACBP expression in rodent liver is down-regulated by fasting, and we show that insulin but not glucose is the inducer of ACBP expression in primary rat hepatocytes. In keeping with the regulation by insulin, we show that ACBP is a sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) target gene in hepatocytes. Members of the SREBP family activate the rat ACBP gene through binding sites for SREBP and the auxiliary factors Sp1 and nuclear factor Y in the proximal promoter. In addition, we show that ACBP is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha target gene in cultured hepatocytes and is induced in the liver by fibrates in a PPARalpha-dependent manner. Thus, ACBP is a dual PPARalpha and SREBP-1c target gene in hepatocytes. Fasting leads to reduced activity of SREBP but increased activity of PPARalpha in hepatocytes, and in keeping with ACBP being a dual target gene, we show that ACBP expression is significantly lower in livers from PPARalpha knock-out mice than in livers from wild type mice. In conclusion, expression of ACBP in rodent hepatocytes is subject to dual metabolic regulation by PPARalpha and SREBP-1c, which may reflect the need for ACBP during lipogenic as well as lipo-oxidative conditions.

Highlights

  • Several observations suggest that the mammalian acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) gene is subject to metabolic regulation

  • We confirm a previous observation that ACBP expression in rodent liver is down-regulated by fasting, and we show that insulin but not glucose is the inducer of ACBP expression in primary rat hepatocytes

  • In this report we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of ACBP expression in hepatocytes

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Summary

Introduction

Several observations suggest that the mammalian ACBP gene is subject to metabolic regulation. Transient transfection of hepatocytes with promoter-reporter constructs encompassing Ϫ2310 bp upstream of the rat ACBP translation start site and the entire exon 1 and intron 1 shows that activation by SREBPs is strictly dependent on this SRE.

Results
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