Abstract
The gastric microbiota in Crohn’s disease (CD) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of stomach microbiota between CD patients and controls. DNA was extracted from gastric mucosal and fluid samples, from 24 CD patients and 19 controls. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 1511 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of which 239 passed the low abundance and low variance filters. All but one CD patients were HP negative. Fifteen bacterial phyla were identified in at least one mucosal or fluid site. Of these, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes accounted for 70% of all phyla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Fusobacteriota combined accounted for 27%. There was significant difference in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Campilobacterota between CD patients and controls only in gastric corpus samples. In gastric liquid, there was a significant difference only in Actinobacteriota. Pairwise comparison identified 67 differentially abundant OTUs in at least one site. Of these, 13 were present in more than one comparison, and four differentiating OTUs (Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Absconditabacteriales, and Microbacteriaceae) were identified at all tested sites. The results reveal significant changes in gastric microbial profiles (beta diversity, phylum, and individual taxa levels) between H. pylori-negative CD patients and controls.
Highlights
The gastric microbiota in Crohn’s disease (CD) has not been studied
Ten CD patients developed changes in duodenum, including erosions/mucosal redness-edema found in 6 patients, ulcers found in 3 patients, and stenosis in one patient
Earlier studies report a potential role for intestinal pathogenic bacteria, including adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strains[19] and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)[20,21], in development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); a study of subjects undergoing antibiotic therapy for up to 2 years does not support a clear role for infectious agents in the pathogenesis of C D22
Summary
The gastric microbiota in Crohn’s disease (CD) has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate differences of stomach microbiota between CD patients and controls. DNA was extracted from gastric mucosal and fluid samples, from 24 CD patients and 19 controls. Fifteen bacterial phyla were identified in at least one mucosal or fluid site. There was significant difference in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota, and Campilobacterota between CD patients and controls only in gastric corpus samples. 13 were present in more than one comparison, and four differentiating OTUs (Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Absconditabacteriales, and Microbacteriaceae) were identified at all tested sites. The results reveal significant changes in gastric microbial profiles (beta diversity, phylum, and individual taxa levels) between H. pylori-negative CD patients and controls. Effects resulting from exposure to other infections in early life; there may be a relationship between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and CD-related alterations in the immune response
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