The Forms of Capital and the Developed Achievement of Black Males

Abstract

This study sought to examine the association of the various forms of capital on the developed achievement of Black males. As one of the richest longitudinal family economic data sets, the Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics is used to estimate multilevel growth models of the math and reading achievement of Black males. Results suggest that the family’s permanent income has a large positive effect on the level of both math and reading achievement. Of the practices of social/cultural capital, parental emotional/cognitive stimulation, parents observing the classroom, and parental attendance at school events each had meaningful positive effects on the level of both math and reading achievement.