Abstract
BackgroundYellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) is a promising grain legume for productive and sustainable crop rotations. It has the advantages of high tolerance to soil acidity and excellent seed quality, but its current yield potential is poor, especially in low rainfall environments. Key adaptation traits such as phenology and enhanced stress tolerance are often complex and controlled by several genes. Genomic-enabled technologies may help to improve our basic understanding of these traits and to provide selective markers in breeding. However, in yellow lupin there are very limited genomic resources to support research and no published information is available on the genetic control of adaptation traits.ResultsWe aimed to address these deficiencies by developing the first linkage map for yellow lupin and conducting quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of yield under well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WT) conditions. Two next-generation sequencing marker approaches - genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and Diversity Array Technology (DArT) sequencing - were employed to genotype a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a bi-parental cross between wild and domesticated parents. A total of 2,458 filtered single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and presence / absence variation (PAV) markers were used to develop a genetic map comprising 40 linkage groups, the first reported for this species. A number of significant QTLs controlling total biomass and 100-seed weight under two water (WW and WD) regimes were found on linkage groups YL-03, YL-09 and YL-26 that together explained 9 and 28% of total phenotypic variability. QTLs associated with length of the reproductive phase and time to flower were found on YL-01, YL-21, YL-35 and YL-40 that together explained a total of 12 and 44% of total phenotypic variation.ConclusionThese genomic resources and the QTL information offer significant potential for use in marker-assisted selection in yellow lupin.
Highlights
Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) is a promising grain legume for productive and sustainable crop rotations
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article locus (QTL) analysis is a powerful tool to investigate the genetic control of complex traits and can be used to identify linked molecular markers for use in markerassisted selection (MAS) [1,2,3]
Two categories of Diversity Array Technology (DArT)-seq markers were discovered: 5, 590 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 8,854 presence / absence variation (PAV) markers. After quality filtering these markers based on the above threshold, a total of 1,049 SNP
Summary
Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) is a promising grain legume for productive and sustainable crop rotations. It has the advantages of high tolerance to soil acidity and excellent seed quality, but its current yield potential is poor, especially in low rainfall environments Key adaptation traits such as phenology and enhanced stress tolerance are often complex and controlled by several genes. In yellow lupin there are very limited genomic resources to support research and no published information is available on the genetic control of adaptation traits. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article locus (QTL) analysis is a powerful tool to investigate the genetic control of complex traits and can be used to identify linked molecular markers for use in markerassisted selection (MAS) [1,2,3]. A pre-requisite of QTL analysis is the availability of a genetic map or genome sequence in which
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