The female body and sexuality in left-wing discussions on the legalization of abortion in interwar Czechoslovakia

Previous studies demonstrate sex bias in surgical research. Female participants and investigators are underrepresented in surgical scientific research. To describe the distribution of male and female authors in 5 general-interest surgery journals, assess the association of author gender with sex bias, and explore whether investigators benefit from performing sex-inclusion research. For this bibliometric analysis, data were abstracted from 1921 original, peer-reviewed articles published from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2012, in Annals of Surgery, American Journal of Surgery, JAMA Surgery, The Journal of Surgical Research, and Surgery. Excluded articles pertained to a sex-specific disease or did not report the number of study participants. An additional 119 articles contained gender-ambiguous author names and were omitted. Data were analyzed from April to June 2017. Male and female first and senior authors, number of female and male participants in each study, surgical specialty, and number of citations received per article. Of the 3604 authors of 1802 articles included in this study, 2791 first and senior authors (77.4%) were male and 813 (22.6%) were female. The prevalence of male and female authors was consistent across all 5 journals and among clinical and basic science research. Articles by female authors included a higher median number of female study participants compared with their male counterparts (27.5 vs 16.0; P = .01), but sex matched the inclusion of participants less frequently (36% vs 45%; P = .001). No sex-based differences occurred between male and female authors in reporting, statistical analysis, and discussion of the data or in the number of citations received. Compared with studies that did not report, analyze, or discuss data by sex, studies that performed sex-specific data reporting yielded a mean of 2.8 more citations (95% CI, 1.2-4.4; P = .001); those that performed statistical analysis, a mean of 3.5 more citations (95% CI, 1.8-5.1; P = .001); and those that discussed the data, a mean of 2.6 more citations (95% CI, 0.7-4.5; P = .001). Articles with a higher percentage of sex matching of participants also received more citations, with an increase of 1 citation per 4.8% (95% CI, 2.0%-7.7%; P = .001) increase in percentage of sex matching. Sex bias in surgical research is prevalent among male and female authors; however, female authors included proportionally more female participants in their studies compared with male authors. Notably, studies that addressed sex bias were rewarded by the scientific community with increased citations of their published work.

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) and cardiovascular diseases have resulted in significant advancements in healthcare and medical research. This study focused on examining the gender equality ratio of first authors in "artificial intelligence and cardiovascular disease" articles from 2005 to 2022.It is critical to investigate gender representation in this dynamic subject given the growing usage of AI in cardiovascular medicine. Aims The aim of this study is to visualize the changing face of gender equality within the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and cardiovascular diseases by examining the gender distribution of the first authors' published articles from 2005 to 2022, providing important insights into disparities in gender and the potential for fostering inclusivityand diversity in the scientific community. Methodology All academic articles published from 2005 to 2022 were reviewed. The gender of the first author of each study was recorded. Since there were so few articles available for five months in 2023, they were excluded. The research was subsequently categorized based on the gender, ethnicity, and country of origin of the first authors. Results With a value of 0.54, the overall gender ratio favored male authors (275) over female authors (149). In 2022, female first authors had the most publications (59), while male first authors contributed 113 articles. Predictions for 2027 showed a significant increase in the number of publications on this topic by male authors (950) and female authors (580). A gradual increase in the number of female first authors was observed over this period, although their representation remained lower compared to male first authors. Conclusions In the first authorship, our analysis found a gender gap, with male authors predominating. Females' engagement must be encouraged if academic gender equality is to be achieved. Female researchers are empowered by creating an inclusive atmosphere through mentorship and regulatory changes. For knowledge to advance fairly, collaboration is essential.

Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic condition that can be diagnosed when certain symptoms, such as disorganized speech, disorganized thoughts, or negative feelings, are present for at least six months in a person's life. Gender equity and representation in academic writing are significant issues that have received more attention recently. Understanding the gender discrepancies in authorship can help researchers studying schizophrenia overcome obstacles and potential biases. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of gender discrepancy among initial authors of articles that focused on schizophrenia and to identify potential causes of such inequalities. A bibliometric analysis ofarticles related to schizophrenia published from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The authors' genders were determined through available public records and professional affiliations. The analysis included assessing the proportion of male and female first authors and examining trends over time. A total of 982 articles were included in the analysis. The results revealed a significant gender disparity in first authorship, with a higher representation of male first authors (546, 55.6%) compared to female first authors (436, 44.4%). There is a significant increase in the percentage of female authors from 2019 to 2022 (i.e., from 25% to 48.5%). The number of female and male authors is predicted to remain at a constant from 2023 to 2027, with male authors at 175 and female authors at slightly above 150. The findings of this study underscore the need for continued efforts to address gender imbalances in academic publishing and promote gender equity in the field of schizophrenia research. Recognizing and rectifying these disparities can contribute to a more inclusive and diverse scientific community.

ObjectiveScientific authorship is a vital marker of achievement in academic careers and gender equity is a key performance metric in research. However, there is little understanding of gender equity in...

INTRODUCTION: Despite recent advances, we hypothesized that women remain underrepresented as authors in neurosurgical literature–a key indicator of success in academic medicine. METHODS: We queried Web of Science for all contents published in the top 15 neurosurgical journals by h5-index. Articles and metadata were exported. Analyses were performed using Python packages (Gender-Guesser and Wiki-Gendersort for gender identification). RESULTS: 143,713 articles from 112,932 unique authors with full names were identified (62.0% (69,985/112,932) male, 24.0% (27,148/112,932) female, 14.0% (15,799/112,932) unknown). Female co-authorship was limited before 1980, with an increase in the 2000’s (7.0% in 2000 to 60.7% in 2023). However, female first and last authorship have yet to exceed 17.6% (2023) and 11.2% (2022), respectively. This is consistent across the top 3 neurosurgical journals. Compared to male last authors, female last authors are 3.45 times more likely to publish with female first authors (95% CI 3.27-3.64). Female first authors are also 3.73 times more likely than male first authors to publish with female last authors (95% CI 3.53-3.93). Of the 10,000 most productive authors, male authors have a higher h-index than female authors (p<0.001). However, female authors have a higher m-index (p<0.03), which is normalized to impact over time in the field, suggesting an emerging contingent of female authors who are academically productive and authoring impactful works. CONCLUSIONS: While progress has been made in female co-authorship, female first and last authorship remain below 20%. Female last authors are more likely to be associated with female first authors and vice versa. This finding suggests that women are paving the way towards a more equitable future of neurosurgery by mentoring other women, and that efforts to support female senior authors can also benefit female trainees.

This article deals with the successful Swedish crime writers and the gendered aspects of how they are marketed towards the readers in the 2000s. The purpose is to show how Swedish publishers follow distinct gender patterns in their marketing of crime fiction, and to discuss how this affects the responses to male and female crime novelists in cultural and medial landscapes. The empirical material consists of 153 Swedish crime novels, published in paperback between 1998 and 2011. Theoretically, the article connects to the field of book history insofar as the printed book itself is seen as important when it comes to how literary works are perceived by their readers. The results show that male and female authors of crime fiction in general have been marketed recognizably different in almost all possible ways. In the books’ extra materials and other author-centred peritexts, female authors are associated with the private and the family related. Male authors, on the other hand, are most often described as proficient, well writing and engaged in social criticism. Furthermore, the book covers are clearly gendered: covers by male authors are darker, more serious and more traditional to the crime genre; covers by female authors are brighter, more “fun” and reminiscent of chick lit rather than of traditional crime fiction. The main conclusion is that the gender gap shown in these paperbacks support and maintain the stereotype that male and female authors write different types of crime fiction, with male authors being valued the most. The paratextual division of male and female crime writers, thus, upholds the established and gendered hierarchy in the genre.

Introduction: Women's Literary Culture and Late Medieval English Writing

The universe of this study is the novels written in Turkish literature from 1923 to the present day. When the sample was created, non-ideological novels were determined and expert opinion was applied. The speeches of the female characters in the selected 19 novels were prepared as Word files and uploaded to the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Counting (LIWC) program. The LIWC program used in our study is a computer-based program designed to measure psychological processes. This study was created by allowing individuals to make comparisons by comprehensively categorizing their language use and thus being able to use it from a socially linguistic point of view. In light of the data obtained, first the speeches of female characters in novels written before and after 1970 were compared, and then the speeches of female characters of male and female authors were compared. In this way, in addition to reflecting Turkish society’s perception of women put forward by male and female authors, the study also tried to determine how this perception is shaped according to their own gender. In addition, with women reaching an acceptable position in social life, reflections of the changing perception of women have also emerged. The results of the study show that female and male authors’ perception of women is different and that the use of women’s language is shaped according to their social position. However, with women taking a greater role in social life, their use of language has changed and women have become able to express themselves better.

This study examines the conceptualization of the woman’s body in the medical and juridical discourses that significantly influenced debates concerning the legalization of abortion on demand during the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938). Drawing on critical discourse analysis, the study argues that in these expert discourses, scientific and ideological elements converged to advance the body politics of the time, and that nationalistic factors – previously neglected in the Czech scholarship – played a substantial role in shaping views on the woman’s body. The study further reveals the links between eugenics and social welfare practices aimed at preventing the reproduction of so-called “undesirable” individuals in arguments about the legalization of abortion. Finally, it asserts that agitation against lay abortionists, ostensibly framed as an effort to protect women’s health, may actually have been part of a broader attempt by the medical profession to assert control over women’s bodies.

Introduction: During the past decades, there has been a rapid change in the gender ratio of medical doctors, while gender differences in academia remain apparent. In transplantation research, a field already understaffed with women, there is little published data on the development in proportion, citations and funding of female researchers over the past years. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the academic impact of women in transplantation research, we conducted a bibliometric analysis (01-01-1999 until 31-12-2018) of high-impact scientific publications, subsequent citations and funding in this field. Web of Science data was used in combination with software R-Package “Gender”, to predict gender by first names. A total of 15.498 publications were included, resulting in 39.413 authors’ gender matches. Results: Overall, 14.161 (35.9%) authors were female, and 25.252 (64.1%) male. Globally, an increase in the percentage of female authors is seen since 1999, with a plateau starting in 2012. Female authors received significantly less citations compared to their male colleagues, with median 14 (95% CI 1 – 72) and median 15 (95% CI 1 – 84, p < 0.001) citations per single publication respectively. Differences were most apparent in high-impact publications (>200 citations), with 73.5% male and 26.5% female authors. A total of 6.574 (42.4%) publications reported external funding. From these publications, 2.732 (41.6%) had female and 3.842 (58.4%) had male first authors (p < 0.001). When comparing the 10 countries with the most publications, clear differences in percentages of female authors were seen, with a nearly equal contribution of female and male authors in the Netherlands (47.9% and 52.1%, respectively) and an unequal distribution in Japan (18.5% and 81.5%, respectively) (Figure 1).Conclusion: This study shows differences between male and female authors in citation rates and rewarded funding in transplantation research. Female authors remain underrepresented, with large differences in gender ratios between countries. This requires an active approach to eliminate potential gender bias in research reporting and funding rewarding.

The phenomenon of cross-linguistic homonymy is the result of closely related languages’ interaction, confusing the same or similar sounding words which have different meanings in different languages. The Ukrainian immigrant community in the interwar Czechoslovakia is no exception. The life of the people of Ukrainian origin in the interwar Czechoslovakia can be conditionally divided into four periods. The first one dates back to 1918-1921 when the detachments of Ukrainian Galicia Army entered the territory of the First Czechoslovak Republic: “Hirska Brygada”, “Stary Tabir”, “Hlyboka”, “Krukenychy”. This first period for the people of Ukrainian origin in the interwar First Czechoslovak Republic is characterized by the lack of interest in learning the Czech language in general as far as most of the campers, who had conversational fluency in German and Polish, were waiting for settling the status of Eastern Galicia, the fate of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic and solving the conflict in Cieszyn Silesia. The second period dates back to 1921-1925 when the majority of antibolshevik immigration arrived in the interwar First Czechoslovak Republic. Especially this period is characterized by the active learning of the Czech language. The immigrants had two ways of mastering the language. The official way was acquiring the high education in the Czech and Ukrainian educational establishments. However, the most widespread way was the unofficial one, when the language was learnt in the shops, restaurants, bars or other working places where unskilled manual labour was required (for example, at Tomash Batia’s shoe factory, different plants and enterprises); right in the streets after all within different communication situations. The third period in the life of the people of Ukrainian origin on the territory of the interwar First Czechoslovak Republic took place in 1925-1929 and was called “povorontnytstvo”. During this period there was no way of speaking about mastering the Czech language and using cross-linguistic homonyms. In the 1930s due to the world economic crisis and shutting down the access to the Czechoslovak labour market for the people of Ukrainian origin the issue of learning the Czech language was not raised at all. The majority of the people of Ukrainian origin who stayed in Prague and its suburbs or moved to Transcarpathia had already mastered the Czech language by that time. Thus, on the one hand the provocative similarity created a number of obstacles, misunderstandings, it caused tragic and sometimes comic situations. On the other hand, it spiced up the everyday lives of the people of Ukrainian origin.

Gender Disparities in Academic Radiology Authorship: A 13-Year Review

&lt;div class="page" title="Page 1"&gt;&lt;div class="layoutArea"&gt;&lt;div class="column"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The present study aims to study the research articles published in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;DESIDOC Journal of Library &amp;amp; Information Technology &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;during 2008-2017 with a gender perspective. Influence of gender was assessed at individual and collaborative levels, professional engagement and citedness. The findings reveal increase in the overall presentation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;of male authors i.e. 401 (75.38 %) compared to female authors 131 (24.62 %) of total of 532 authors. 345 (64.85 %) are multiple authored articles compared to 187 (35.15 %) single authored papers. Collaborative pattern of male- male authors with 205 (38.83 %) articles, followed by articles contributed by male solo authors with 160 (30.08 %) authors, outnumbers all other collaborative authorship patterns. A chi square value of (x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;= 11.801, p = 0.003) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;shows significant difference in the number of contributions by both male and female authors engaged in different LIS profession. The findings prove that men are over represented in the whole LIS community. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Examination of sex-specific publication trends within the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science between 2012 and 2017

Introduction: A recent study by Women As One highlighted the prevalence of “MANuscripts” (publications authored solely by men) and their potential impact on equity in academic promotions within cardiology. The study revealed notable differences in citation rates and online attention between publications in cardiology journals led by male and female authors. To further explore these disparities, we examined publications in prominent thoracic surgery journals. Hypothesis: Thoracic surgery publications where women hold key authorship roles (primary and senior) receive lower citations and online attention compared to those with men as leading authors. Methods: We analyzed data from peer-reviewed publications in 2019 from two high-impact thoracic surgery journals: The Annals of Thoracic Surgery and The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Citation metrics and Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS) were sourced from Google Scholar paired with the Altmetric Google Chrome extension. Citation rates, AAS, and names of primary and senior authors were manually collected between September 22, 2023 and December 21, 2023. The genders of key authors were determined using Genderize, a gender-determination software, supplemented by manual searches for authors not detected by the software. A minimal number of publications were excluded if either their AAS or citation metrics were unavailable. Significant differences in the data were analyzed using one-sided Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results: Of the 1,482 authors included in the analysis, 18.4% were females in primary or senior roles. Our analysis found no significant differences in citation rates or AAS between male and female primary authors (p=0.09 and p=0.31, respectively), or between male and female senior authors (p=0.48 and p=0.38, respectively). Furthermore, after combining the data of male primary and senior authors and comparing it to the combined data of female primary and senior authors, no significant discrepancies were found for both citations (p=0.13) and AAS (p=0.28). Conclusion: Contrary to analyses of cardiology journals, our data from thoracic surgery articles does not indicate a gender disparity between male and female authors in terms of citations and online attention. While this does not definitively rule out the presence of inequity in thoracic surgery research, it suggests that male-authored manuscripts may not be a primary source of gender disparity in this field.