The Experience of Everyday Life Alongside Virtual Companions. A Case Study of Human-Chatbot Encounters

Social change is multi-dimensional which is measured against space, time, speed, direction, content and impact. Social change occurs because of culture, conflict, idealistic factors, the need for adaptation, environmental factors, economic and political factors, demographic changes, and social movements and change. The process of social change in contemporary Ethiopia is related to the history of transition of the country from the feudal system to the socialist revolutionary government and then to ethnic-based federal system of government. One of the social actions that contributed for the formation of new social order during the socialist regime in Ethiopia was the mass campaign against illiteracy through adult learning program. Post 1991 Ethiopia has entertained immense and rapid social changes reflected in the citizens socio-economic, political and cultural changes. Social work is supposedly responding to a social change process by unfolding and revisiting its teaching curricula and practice models to fit into the current needs of social change. According to advocates of structural social work, social change and social movements are the cores of social work action to overcome the root causes of injustice and oppression. In Ethiopia, like any other developing countries, social work is a very new profession. In contrast to the existing challenges of lack of professionalization of social work, there are promising efforts exerted in Ethiopia where social work becomes responsible for social change. However, social work in Ethiopia is in its early stage to evaluate its contribution for social change.

Online spaces are being transformed into new social spaces with a variety of interpersonal relationships and social activities. Especially, cyber spaces based on three dimensions show various cross-cultural social relationships and activities compared with cyber spaces based on two dimensions. These phenomena have different characteristics, depending on users' cultural backgrounds. Relating to social issues in online spaces, many preliminary studies have been conducted. Especially, impressions have been considered important subjects related with social networks. In spite of that, sufficient cross-cultural research related with impressions in online spaces has not been conducted, especially based on 3-D cyber spaces. Therefore, the main goals of this study were to extract 3-D cyber factors formatting perceptional impressions and compare those factors based on cultural differences. In the preliminary research, we identified six impressions dimensions in 3-D cyber space: F1.Cheerful, F2.Logical, F3.Violent, F4.Selfish, F5.Warm, and F6.Seclusive (Lee, Kim & Park, 2009).In order to achieve our goal, first, we selected two countries considering Hofstede's culture dimensions (e.g. Power Distance, Individualism versus Collectivism, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance) (Hofstede, 2005). Korea and America have very different cultural characteristics in terms of Hofstede's culture dimensions (Hofstede & Bond, 1984). Secondly, we conducted in-depth individual interviews. For these interviews, we recruited interviewees as actual users of 3-D cyber spaces (Second Life); depending on the frequency uses and interpersonal relations contained therein, we selected eight Korean participants and eight American participants. Before conducting interviews, we recorded normal lives of participants within a three-day span, for two hours of each day. Then, we conducted the survey to each participant seeing the video clips of others' virtual lives for the purpose of analyzing others' preserved impressions. In-depth interviews were conducted in 3-D cyber space using actual voices. The interview consisted of two parts of questions: 1) What are the factors relating with your perceived impressions?; and 2) If you help an avatar on the video clip before you saw to make clear his/her impression, how will you help? All interviews were recorded as video and audio clips.After collecting data, we analyzed data based on Grounded theory (Strauss, 1990) recognized qualitative research methods. First of all, we accurately transcribed all voice data to text data, and then separated data to minimal units of meaning considering interviewees' intentions. Finally, we extracted properties and grouped properties during axial coding.As a result, Factors formatting perceptional impression in 3-D cyber space was derived with distinction by Korean and American users. These derived factors were linguistic, visual, behavioral, relational, inner-environmental, and outer-environment. Of these, linguistic factors (106, 43%) and behavioral factors (57, 23%) were the most derived. Further, looking at the visual factors, the number of derived factors was similar among Korean and American users. Alternatively, we looked at the detailed factors derived with distinction by Korean and American users. The factors derived by Korean users included exposure degree of clothes, thickness of clothes, while the factors derived by American users included color of clothes and types of avatar.In conclusion, this study has theoretical and empirical significance. The theoretical significance, through the cultural differences research, is to understand how each intercultural impression provided role elements in Korea cultures and American cultures and to understand how the impression provided difference elements. Therefore, more extensive future research on the dimensions of the intercultural impression formation mechanism was proposed, based on this study. The empirical significance was to offer impression dimensions-related elements in 3D gaming to developers and designers in the development of related systems; furthermore, as the results provide data of how elements affect impression in intercultural perception and how in each dimension, the system will be able to provide a basis about impression formation elements in intercultural context.

In this article, I address the question whether or not robots should be social actors and suggest that we do not have much choice but to construe collaborative robots as social actors. Social cues, including emotional displays, serve coordination functions in human interaction and therefore have to be used, even by robots, in order for long-term collaboration to succeed. While robots lack the experiential basis of emotional display, also in human interaction much emotional expression is part of conventional social practice; if robots are to participate in such social practices, they need to produce such signals as well. I conclude that if we aim to share our social spaces with robots, they better be social actors, which may even include the display of emotions. This finding is of empirical as well as philosophical relevance because it shifts the ethical discussion away from the question, how social collaborative robots should be, to the question, what kinds of human-robot collaborations we want.

Many adolescents spend time online, communicating with friends, family members and strangers, and these social activities have been often related with their loneliness experience. The goals of this study were to examine the social distress expressed by adolescents with and without learning disabilities (LD) and to distinguish between unique adolescents’ profiles, identified by their different types of social participation online. The sample consisted of 887 high school students, grades 10–12: 213 students with LD (110 boys, 103 girls) and 674 students without LD (334 boys, 340 girls). Students reported their loneliness, affect and two types of online social activities: online communication with people that they know, and virtual friendships with people that they have never met. As expected, students with LD reported higher levels of loneliness and negative affect. However, they did not differ in their internet social participation. Since virtual friendship was among factors that predicted loneliness, four clusters were identified among adolescents, with the loneliness measure and virtual friendships as their defining variables. By showing the complexity of the relationships within different profiles, the results demonstrated the advantages of clarifying adolescents’ individual differences.

The existence of students in the community should play a role as a drafter, dynamist, and evaluator of various social changes. Something that has a positive impact on the community. But some of them do the opposite, having a negative impact on the community, such as acting as a gigolo, known as ‘exclusive gigolo’. This research presents the meaningful actions carried out by exclusive gigolo to attract sympathy and various actions in providing excellent service to clients. These actions were examined from the perspective of Max Weber's Theory of Social Action. This research used a qualitative approach with the perspective of Weber's theory. The research subjects were students who worked as gigolos, ranging from freelance to a lover (manstress). The informants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data collection technique used is in-depth interviews. Data analysis and interpretation techniques are carried out with a deeper understanding (verstehen). There are gigolo social actions, within the framework of norm values, which become the blueprint of community behavior. First, the integration between rationality actions and instrumental rationality actions. These actions were found in activities, including: (1) Gigolo built his self-image: from self-expertise to intelligence in choosing marketing models; (2) Ignoring the feeling of shame as self-strengthening in facing various situations; (3) Client service actions: from holding hands to sexual activity. Second, the integration between rationality action and affective action. The highest achievement for gigolo is to become a lover (manstress). The intensity and the close relationship between a gigolo and the client can make both of them fall in love, like real love. In this context, the gigolo puts money as its main goal. On the other hand, gigolo realizes that the woman who is his client has a family, so it is impossible to have the love of the woman completely. This research concluded that: (1) The implementation of Max Weber's Theory of Social Action in gigolo social actions is integrated into one action with another, and; (2) Gigolo does not take traditional actions on the actions that have been taken.

The present study aims to analyze Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam's (HMI) development in Medan City after the reform era, employing a qualitative research design with a case study approach. This study showcases that HMI has developed significantly through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and field observations. The organization has demonstrated its ability to adapt to social, political, and cultural changes. HMI proactively participates in a wide range of social, political, and religious activities that contribute to the betterment of students, campuses, and the local community. By serving as a platform for political education, HMI in Medan City plays a pivotal role in facilitating thoughtful discussions and fostering the advancement of Islamic thought. Moreover, it acts as a catalyst for promoting constructive social change within its sphere of influence. HMI is firmly dedicated to promoting education, protecting students’ rights, and actively advocating for political and social reforms in Indonesia. This research offers valuable insights into the development of HMI in Medan City after the reform era, thereby contributing significantly to the comprehension of the role and potential of student organizations in driving social and political changes in Indonesia.

<div> <div> <div> <p>The Lombok earthquake of August 2018 killed approximately 555, injured 1400, and displaced 353.000 people. With Indonesia being vulnerable to natural disaster due to its geographic location, events like these are not uncommon. However, this event was significantly different from the majority of disasters in the Indonesian archipelago. The difference pertains to how the communities researched in this thesis, coped with the adversity they had experienced and how they showed resilience in a unique way.</p> <p>A disaster drastically ushers in a liminal period wherein its victims are forced to rethink certain aspects of social life, give meaning to what has happened, and determine how to rebuild society sustainably.</p> <p>This thesis argues that going back to a pre-disaster state of society is not possible, due to the lived experiences during the disaster and aftermath. Instead of going back, the culture of response of the Indonesian government (and the NGOs and communities) on which this thesis is focused, started a process towards Dyer’s Phoenix Effect.</p> <p>This thesis explores the cultural, social, and organizational changes in post-disaster Lombok, which make the occurrence of the Phoenix Effect likely. (1) Cultural changes constitute the explanations for the earthquake from different religious perspectives and the resurgence of traditionally embedded building strategies. (2) Social changes equate to the reinvention of gotong royong from being a state-philosophy to an embedded set of mutual help. (3) Organizational changes, signify biopolitics of disaster management of the Indonesian government, the role of NGOs, and the emergence of peoples’ initiatives in order to become more resilient.</p> <p>This thesis concludes that the possibility of the Phoenix Effect is likely, if the involved communities can maintain their cultural, organizational, and social changes sustainably.</p> </div> </div> </div>

The phenomenon of charity’s conducting in highway for the establishing meant of mosque has been levelly occurred, in certain Islamic community. The levelness phenomenon is viewed from the perspective of sociology, however it is important to research the phenomenon by focusing on (1) the characteristics of religiosity of the member of society, the charity collector (2) the rationalization of charity collector behavior (3) the description of social meaning of charity collection in the highway. The research methodology with certain insistences, includes: the use of qualitative approach and emic perspective. The technique of data gathering uses observation, depth interview, ethno methodology and documentation based on the problem of research, on the strategy of research is divided into phases, namely, in the field of research, information’s gathering and data analysis. The later (data analysis) uses the procedure of induction, conceptualization and interpretation by applying double hermeneutic. Moreover the observation of validity of research uses triangulation member check technique and the lengthen of researcher’s presentation. The research obtain some important information about the social meaning of charity’s conducting for the establishment of mosque in highway, as follows (1) the process of “religion like” for social activity or the covering of social activity in the name or religion (2) the realization of public’s of public’s disbelief against committee, manager and organizer of mosque establishment. Such information carry out the implication: (1) religion is the only one culture explaining human’s way of live, (2) religion is closely fastened to public’s aspects of live, (3) the deconstruction on Islamic missionary concept or Islam missionary is directed to the domination of Islam’s social which maintains Islam’s social dimension.

Globalization and Socio-Cultural Change in Qatar

: The gathering culture in the Sundanese traditional life is visualized in the forms such as: cooperation, discussion, harmony, mutual cooperation, and mutual helping among the community members. The rapid social changes in recent decades make a shift in cultural values; as the impacts of economic, technological, and information progress. The high economic growth in West Java , with Bandung as the growth center , affects the social and cultural changes in community. The results of research showed that the Sundanese values getting decreased and less felt by people in the urban everyday life. The car and its design have been mediating concepts which embedded in the speed of the modern transport system as the manifestation of man's obsession to enjoy the total experience of speed, safe , and comfortable. Modernization in the context of modern car design is on its way that gradually transforming the concept of sense within the Sundanese traditional concepts unity in the urban areas. If at first natural harmony to be hold in the concept of moving, the technology development and the increasing speed of the car changed the initial balance concept. Furthermore, the closed-car design has a role in changing the orientation of individual users and change the person with Sundanese cultur al background in giving a meaning. Sundanese meaning , that ideally should be owned by the Sundanese tradition’s heir as social actors who can also be understood by others, is now shifted into a meaning that is only understood by him /her self or his /her community alone. KEY WORDS : Sundanese v alue, social changes , car, s peed, m eaning, u rban, modern transport system , r epresentation , and concept of sense . About the Author: Y annes Martinus P asaribu is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Fine Arts and Design ITB (Bandung Institute of Technology), Jalan Ganesha No.10 Tamansari, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the author can be contacted via phone at: +62816-623240 or e-mail at: ergolib@gmail.com How to cite this article? Pasaribu, Yannes Martinus. (2015). “Modernization of Transportation Means and its Shift in Worldview of Traditional Community: A Case Study of Sundanese Culture in Bandung” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies , Vol.6(2) April, pp.237-258. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UNHAS Makassar, ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 31, 2014); Revised (October 9, 2014); and Published (April 28, 2015).

The period 1080-1180 is recognized as one of dynamic social and cultural change in Western Europe. This thesis explores the appropriate negotiation of relationships between men and women, particularly those living under a religious vocation, as part of a wider discourse aimed at reforming and renewing contemporary society, both lay and religious. Utilizing a cultural historical approach this thesis examines a variety of experimental approaches men and women took during this period to renegotiate male/female relationships. It argues that women played a vital role, under-recognized in previous scholarship, in the development of intimate relationships between the sexes that combined spiritual and personal intimacy. In developing these experimental approaches these women, and their male partners, friends and lovers, drew on a range of existing traditional models of intimacy. The writings of Cicero provided a guide to virtuous friendship. Ovid’s writings provided a model for love. A long-standing Christian tradition, based on the letters of Jerome, advocated close spiritual relationships between male clerics and their pious female devotees. These traditions were explored and entwined creating novel approaches to intimacy between men and women that preserved close, personal connections within a wider framework of appropriate social interaction between the sexes. It considers six examples of intimate relationships between women and men. Anselm of Canterbury has long been recognized as an innovator in articulating close friendship between men. However, he also engaged in close relationships with women, notably Ida of Boulogne and Queen Matilda of England (wife of Henry I). The monk Goscelin of St Bertin wrote a book of consolation for the recluse, Eve of Wilton, aimed at reaffirming their intimacy after a separation. A third chapter considers how Robert of Arbrissel experimented with intimacy by advocating religious men and women live together, a vision he realized in the foundation of the abbey of Fontevraud. Baudri of Bourgueil exchanged intimate poems with the women of the abbey of Le Ronceray in Angers. In these he attempted to combine Ovidian allusion with the traditional Christian practice of spiritual friendship. The authors of the Epistolae Duorum Amantium successfully created a synthesis that reconciled virtuous friendship with personal passion. Finally, the authors of the Tegernseer Liebesbriefe attempted a similar synthesis, extending its remit from their own personal relationships to a courtly setting beyond. Women’s voices from the period are not preserved to the same extent as men’s. This has led to much debate among scholars concerning the authenticity of the voices that do survive. In arguing that women played a vital role in developing novel models of intimate relationships between the sexes this thesis argues that these voices should be considered as authentic. A cultural historical approach combining social and literary history allows for the consideration of both women’s direct and indirect voices from the period, helping to contextualize the documents that do survive and the women who produced them. Women matter in these discourses and their contribution to understandings of intimate gender relations influenced their male partners and contemporary attitudes to relationships between the sexes.

Prawirotaman is an urban village called kampung that has changed into a tourist village since the 1980s. Tourism development has evoked changes in social spaces and the community. There has been a phenomenon of territorial deprivation leading to the privatization of space. Hence, this research used a qualitative approach to identify how the privatization of space influenced the forming of social spaces within the kampung. Data were collected through observation and interviews to understand the transformation of social space and residents’ social activities changes. These methods were conducted in the afternoon or after Asr prayer until before Maghrib prayer, focusing on transition areas. Next, the analysis used behaviour mapping assisted by ArcGIS to show the nodes of residents' social activities and visual-spatial analysis to understand the transformation of social spaces. This research resulted that the space privatization impacted the forming of kampung social spaces that were influenced by 1) residents' daily movement, 2) connectivity and openness of the transition area, 3) gathering habits, and 4) availability of social space in the transition area. The space privatization did not reduce residents' opportunities for social activities; nevertheless, it stimulated residents to form their social spaces continuously. The research found the important factors that form social space in the urban village. The finding also contributed to sustaining the urban villages, particularly those that have transformed into tourist villages.

In social networks, social foci are physical or virtual entities around which social individuals organize joint activities, for example, places and products (physical form) or opinions and services (virtual form). Forecasting which social foci will diffuse to more social individuals is important for managerial functions such as marketing and public management operations. In terms of diffusive social adoptions, prior studies on user adoptive behavior in social networks have focused on single-item adoption in homogeneous networks. We advance this body of research by modeling scenarios with multi-item adoption and learning the relative propagation of social foci in concurrent social diffusions for online social networking platforms. In particular, we distinguish two types of social nodes in our two-mode social network model: social foci and social actors. Based on social network theories, we identify and operationalize factors that drive social adoption within the two-mode social network. We also capture the interdependencies between social actors and social foci using a bilateral recursive process—specifically, a mutual reinforcement process that converges to an analytical form. Thus, we develop a gradient learning method based on a mutual reinforcement process that targets the optimal parameter configuration for pairwise ranking of social diffusions. Further, we demonstrate analytical properties of the proposed method such as guaranteed convergence and the convergence rate. In the evaluation, we benchmark the proposed method against prevalent methods, and we demonstrate its superior performance using three real-world data sets that cover the adoption of both physical and virtual entities in online social networking platforms.

Beyond the Medical Model: The Culture Change Revolution in Long-Term Care

A meeting between the local community and tourists will produce some social changes in the local community where tourist site is located. The present study describes forms of socio-cultural changes in the local communities since the formation of Pulo Cinta Eco Resort for four years. The purpose of the present study was to examine the forms of socio-cultural changes in Patoameme Village community after the development of Pulo Cinta Eco Resort. The research method was case study using descriptive approach. This was based on the issues, which were what the object was and how it was formed. The data collection used observation, in-depth interview, and document study. The data was analyzed by performing data reduction, display and conclusion drawing. The data validity was examined using data source triangulation technique. Based on the findings in the field, the socio-cultural changes were; 1) symbols, b) language, c) values and d) norms.
 Keywords: Social Cultural Changes, Develepoment of Tourist Areas, Local Community