The expanded Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system that moves with acceleration

Abstract

In classical electrodynamics, by motion for either the observer or the media, it is always naturally assumed that the relative moving velocity is a constant along a straight line (e.g., in inertia reference frame), so that the electromagnetic behavior of charged particles in vacuum space can be easily described using special relativity. However, for engineering applications, the media have shapes and sizes and may move with acceleration, and recent experimental progresses in triboelectric nanogenerators have revealed evidences for expanding Maxwell’s equations to include media motion that could be time and even space dependent. Therefore, we have developed the expanded Maxwell’s equations for a mechano-driven media system (MEs-f-MDMS) by neglecting relativistic effect. This paper first presents the updated progresses made in the field. Second, we extensively investigated Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction for a media system that moves with an acceleration. We concluded that the newly developed MEs-f-MDMS are required for describing the electrodynamics inside a media that has a finite size and volume and move with and even without acceleration. The classical Maxwell’s equations are to describe the electrodynamics in vacuum space when the media in the nearby move.