The evolving ecosystem of Chinese children’s television in a regulated environment

Beyond the global platforms, it is also important to perceive a specific type of more artisanal and less mainstream world cinema, which occupies primarily niche and not global streaming platforms, giving visibility to a peripheral cinema of the periphery itself, which are often not seen in their own countries, which could be called, in counterpoint, of a worldly cinema. Based on the analysis of some films distributed on niche streaming platforms in Brazil, this paper intends to discuss the constitution of peripheral films in world cinema as opposed to a globalized world cinema distributed by global streaming platforms. How are world cinema aesthetics, more global or peripheral, organized into more global or niche streaming platforms?

This article examines British screen content consumption among young audiences aged 16–34 in four European countries: Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy. It suggests a reconsideration of content flow theories that maintain ‘home advantage’ for domestic content, followed by shows from culturally or linguistically proximate countries. The research reveals a shift among younger viewers towards a re-asserted Anglo-American hegemony, driven by the accessibility of English-language content, declining interest in domestic content and growing English-language proficiency. This favours global streamers with English-language productions, primarily from the United States, even in Italy and Germany where dubbed shows have been the dominant viewing option.

At the 10th Media for All conference, the meagre representation of minoritized languages (including sign language) in audiovisual media on streaming platforms was tackled. In this way, the very ideal of media for all was challenged. Global streaming platforms tend to adopt a ‘one size fits all’ approach in limiting their language settings to a minimum. While the users of minoritized languages often are proficient in the dominant language of their country, it is absolutely crucial that content is available in their smaller — and often endangered — languages as well. Some streaming platforms of local public service broadcasters try to accommodate this need. Still, the questions remain: to what extent do not only minoritized languages users, but also the speakers of the majority languages encounter these minoritized languages in audiovisual content, how linguistically diverse and inclusive is this content, but also: what role can audiovisual translation play here? In this article, the importance of audiovisual translation in and out of minoritized languages, with a special focus on revoicing, is discussed. The children’s content broadcast by Swedish public service broadcaster in the national minority languages and sign language is used as a case study. Lay summary People who speak less common languages or use sign language cannot always access audiovisual media in these languages. The reason for this is that the content, but also the language settings offered by streaming platforms often tend to be rather limited in this regard. For minoritised language communities, however, it is important that audiovisual media is available in their languages, as it can help safeguard these often endangered languages. Likewise, it is important that majority language users become more aware of these languages through audiovisual media. This article explores how streaming platforms can become more inclusive and also provide content in such minoritized languages for both the minoritised and majority language communities. The children’s programmes of Swedish public broadcasters that offer content in minoritised languages for both the majority language, Swedish speaking community, and the minoritised language communities are analysed and discussed as a case study. Yet, it looks at the agency of individuals who try to make a difference. The focus is on (partial) revoicing, yet (partial) subtitling and sign language interpreting are also discussed.

This article analyzes the prospects for improving the legal regulation of digitalization and digital transformation in the field of sports of the Russian Federation. The trends in these social relations, the prerequisites for digitalization and digital transformation in sports are determined. The main approaches to digital transformation in the context of the consequences of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic are analyzed. The stages of development the digital transformation of sports are considered through the assessment of regulatory directions for their implementation. The approaches to regulating the field of sports through various legal structures are analyzed, in particular, the analysis of the use of "Lex sportiva" for the purposes of digitalization of sports is given. This paper concludes that it is permissible to apply special legal regimes to test the mechanisms of digital transformation in the field of sports, but on a limited scale. The paper concludes that there are trends in the transition of legislation in the field of sports from the “Lex sportiva” concept to the formation of a stable regulatory framework that is associated with proven legal structures. It is proved that the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 07.02.2024 No. 264-р "On approval of the strategic direction in the field of digital transformation of physical culture and sports until 2030" has become the main regulatory act in the field of digitalization and digital transformation of sports, which is synchronized with other strategic documents of the Russian Federation in the field of digitalization and sports.

The purpose of this master thesis is to present how the evolution of technology is leading the traditional banking institutions to digital transformation and how they are managing this transition. In this context, references are made to the key technologies and innovations for the banking ecosystem, as well as, to the way in which they disrupt the established forces of competition in the banking sector, change the regulatory and institutional framework, and contribute to the progress of digital banking. This outlines the need for digital transformation of traditional banks for their survival. Then, based on the international literature, a study is carried out about digital transformation and manners of its administration, from various approaches, such as that of Project Management and Change Management. Finally, based on the previous literature review, an attempt is made to capture the actions that a traditional bank should focus on to manage the digital transformation holistically and effectively. In summary, the results of the thesis showed that the combination of technologies creates huge opportunities for the development of innovative solutions, services and business models in the banking industry. As a result, the banking industry is disrupted by the introduction of new diversified players, regulatory frameworks are being restructured to secure customers and their data, but at the same time facilitate the development of the banking sector through innovation, and the digital transformation of traditional banks is now an urgent need. Therefore, banks’ response is consider to be carried out with a parallel focus of the transformation on the customer experience, the processes and the business model. While, digital transformation actions and projects should be carried out with a flexible approach, due to the rapid rates of change and the increased complexity. Finally, the role of the bank's human resources, employees and executives, for the completion, adoption and effectiveness of the changes, should not be underestimated and thus the appropriate management actions should be carried out.

Banking Crises in Latin America: Can Recurrence Be Prevented?

The context in which businesses operate and interact with citizens has been significantly altered as a result of Vietnam's accelerated digital transformation. This research investigates the effects of digital transformation on Vietnam's regulatory framework, with an emphasis on the opportunities and challenges that result from the country's digital expansion. A strong legal framework is acknowledged as a critical component in the realization of the objectives of the National digital transformation program by 2025, with a focus on 2030, which involves the establishment of three pillars: digital governance, digital economy, and digital society. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework that facilitates Vietnam's digital transformation and suggests several suggestions for advancing the digital transformation process in the future. The results suggest that the digital transformation has generated a critical need for regulatory reform, particularly in the realms of data protection, e-commerce, and digital payments. The study emphasizes the necessity of a unified legal framework, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and increased public awareness. Nevertheless, it also recognizes opportunities for economic development and innovation, such as the potential for digital regulations to stimulate employment creation and investment. The study concludes by delineating a roadmap for the future of Vietnam's regulatory framework, underscoring the significance of stakeholder engagement, transparency, and adaptability. Vietnam can establish a regulatory framework that promotes economic growth and individual rights by confronting the obstacles and capitalizing on the opportunities that digital transformation presents.

The study identifies and substantiates the periods of digital transformation and introduction of artificial intelligence in administrative services in Ukraine with a focus on regulatory and legal support. The periods of digital transformation in Ukraine are divided into informatization (1991-2000), digitalization (2000-2019), and digital transformation (2019-present). Informatization includes the creation of national information systems and telecommunications infrastructure. Digitalization is characterized by data integration and process automation, such as the launch of e-government, edemocracy, decentralization, and automation of public services. Digital transformation includes the strategic restructuring of social and business processes using technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, and others. To formulate the periods of digital transformation, we considered global trends in the development of AI in the world. Several periodization’s were taken into account, including the ten-year periodization of AI development, which covers key stages: from its inception in the 1950s, the ups and downs of public interest in the 70s and 90s, to the modern era of large language models. Another periodization, based on technological and investment criteria, identifies such stages as the formation of machine intelligence, the heyday of expert systems, the “winter of AI,” the era of deep learning, and the “spring of AI.” This study highlights the complexity and multifactorial nature of the processes of AI formation and digital transformation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the legal and regulatory framework in these areas in Ukraine. This makes it possible not only to assess the achievements but also to identify potential vectors of development in the context of sustainable development.

A strong regulatory framework can provide essential tools for remote transactions and improve trust in digital trade. Yet, regulations can also introduce restrictions that hamper the conditions for digital markets. Based on a database of 20 Middle East and North Africa countries and 20 comparator countries around the world, this paper shows that the Middle East and North Africa region is falling behind in establishing a modern governance framework for the digital economy. The analysis focuses on a set of regulatory areas, including electronic documentation and signature, online consumer protection, data governance, cybersecurity, and intermediary liability regulations. It assesses each country's domestic regulatory framework in light of recent international trends and regulatory models. The study shows that regulation of digital markets in countries in the region is still in its infancy, being mostly governed by general laws that were not originally intended for the digital era. Some countries have tried to support an export-oriented information technology sector by keeping an updated regulatory framework. However, regulation in most countries in the region, regardless of their level of development, still features some major loopholes that can limit consumer trust in digital markets or reduce certainty -- and increase costs -- for digital businesses.

For the last 10 years, Mexico has been putting down all the pieces to have an integrated legislation and policies on climate change. In 2009, the country started to work directly on the CCS/CCUS topic and by 2014 it had in place the Technology Roadmap of CCUS in Mexico. Just one year after, an initial study on the regulatory framework for CCUS in Mexico was made and 38 gaps and barriers where identified within the domestic regulatory framework regarding CCUS activities. This study, however, did not contemplate the radical changes that the energy sector in Mexico was facing, therefore new legislation, institutions and attributions came into play, while the pressure from the upcoming pilot projects in the country started to be felt. The pilot projects will cover a CO2 capture plant in Poza Rica and CO2 - EOR activities in Minatitlan, both in the state of Veracruz. Both pilot projects will bring valuable technical and regulatory data that would be integrated in the future works of the CCUS initiative in the country. CCUS became a legitimate part of the Mexican Legislation as a recognized Clean Energy Technology within the Electricity Industry Law and the Energy Transition Law, as a consequence, the Mexican Steering Committee on CCUS decided to update and include this changes as part of the new regulatory planning. The results of such updates where: the inclusion of the Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA) as a new regulator for the oil and gas sector, therefore, involved in the EOR/CCUS issues; Mexico’s recent incorporation to the ISO standards regarding CCUS activities; and finally, the incoming work to develop a domestic official standard exclusively related to CCUS activities aiming to set the stage for commercial scale projects in the near future. ASEA, as the decentralized branch of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT), deals with the regulation, implementation and enforcement of environmental and safety standards within the Oil and Gas sector, a sector that has just opened up after the Energy Reform. As part of these attributions, the use of CO2 for EOR will be regulated by ASEA, making them an active part of the Mexican Steering Committee on CCUS and the regulatory working group to work closely with SEMARNAT on regulating the entire CCUS value chain. The ISO TC/265 regarding Carbon Dioxide Capture, Transportation, and Geological Storage has 6 working groups: Capture, Transportation, Storage, Quantification and Verification, Cross Cutting Issues, and EOR issues. Mexico joined in November 2017, as a P-Member (participant), meaning that the country has full access to the development process of new standards and documents. This opens up a wide range of opportunities to access best international practices, standards, and a global network on experts that would provide valuable input to the regulatory development process domestically.

This study explores the multifaceted impact of digital transformation and green initiatives on Vietnamese enterprises, explicitly focusing on the critical role of managerial commitment to information technology. Digital transformation, a catalyst for reshaping operations, strategies, and competitive dynamics, integrates digital technologies into various business aspects. The study investigates key determinants impacting digital transformation and green initiatives: information technology infrastructure, managerial commitment, competitive intensity, employees' digital competencies, and strategic orientation. Utilising Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study analyses data from 200 enterprises, highlighting the significant positive effects of these factors on digital transformation and subsequent green initiatives. The findings reveal that managerial commitment and employee digital skills are foundational for successful digital transformation, while competitive intensity and strategic orientation drive green initiatives. This study underscores the necessity of proactive digital managerial and strategic alignment for fostering sustainable and competitive business environments in the digital era. Importantly, it provides practical implications for Vietnamese enterprises, equipping them with actionable insights to navigate the digital and green transformation landscape.

Background . The issue of digital changes in public administration seems particularly relevant and important, as Ukraine is actively developing in the digital sphere, while increasing its defense capabilities, optimizing the provision of public services and improving the quality of public administration with the help of advanced technologies. Digital processes are a key area of development for modern Ukraine, which is important both during the war and for Ukraine's post-war recovery. They can help us attract investment, create competitive products (including public administration), and enhance the country's image. Methods . To achieve the goal, the study used a number of general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, abstract and logical methods for analyzing sources and drawing conclusions; the organic search method was used to analyze materials in scientific databases; the dialectical method was used to clarify the essence of the main digital concepts; classification and grouping methods made it possible to identify the general and specific features of each digital term separately. Results . Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation of public administration in Ukraine are digital processes aimed at introducing information technologies and digital tools to improve the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of public administration. Often, digitization and digitalization are interrelated and interdependent processes within the framework of digital transformation. Digitization creates a digital foundation, and digitalization uses this foundation to further transform business processes and other aspects of operations, forming a transition to the global process of digital transformation. Conclusions . To ensure a clear understanding and proper use of digital terminology in public administration, it is important to have accurate English equivalents, as well as to create adapted Ukrainian terms that precisely reflect the essence of the concepts. Thus, in particular, regulatory frameworks and standardization of definitions are fundamental steps for the successful digital transformation of public administration in Ukraine. This will avoid misunderstandings and conflicts between stakeholders, help ensure a common understanding, and facilitate effective communication in the international and national contexts. A clear theoretical delineation of digital public administration processes will help to better understand their goals and methods of implementation, optimize planning and resource allocation, and define specific objectives and success metrics.

In Malaysia, the re-emergence of local horror films at the start of the twenty-first century after nearly 30 years of absence coincided with the rise of a new wave of digital filmmaking. Since then, digital streaming platforms have proliferated as new circulatory routes for engaged, political and independent local films and audiovisual works, being less stringent than the Malaysian mainstream, state-controlled film and media landscape. Streaming platforms appear to be more suited for hosting horror, since this genre is often targeted by censorship due to excessive violence, explicit images and emphasis on evil. Notably, ‘Southeast Asian horror’ has emerged as one of the key curating and marketing strategies for the global arthouse streaming service MUBI in Southeast Asia. Through an analysis of global, regional and local streaming platforms with a particular focus on MUBI’s programming, alongside interviews with Malaysian film industry practitioners, this article explores how digital streaming services forge new circulatory routes for Southeast Asian cultural works and prompt new forms of ‘minor transnationalism.

How do key players in Bombay’s screen industries—producers, directors, writers, and business developers—understand, imagine, and navigate the dizzying new world of streaming platforms in India? Tracking the emergence of symbiotic relationships between new streaming platforms and established media professionals, I discuss how a restructuring of industry dynamics is elemental to the processes of cultural legitimation of new streaming tastes and the reconfigurations of the relationships between texts, industries, and audiences. Through case studies of a few prominent creative professionals associated in various capacities with global and local streaming platforms, I sketch the multiple linkages between contemporary streaming cultures and the structural histories of both film and television in the subcontinent. Ultimately, this article argues that media workers’ self-reflexivity and theorizations about the industry-in-digital transit help us not only grasp the heterogeneity of this moment, but also trace notions of value and taste in Bombay’s emerging digital media ecologies.

The aim of this article is to analyse trends in the production and consumption of Latvian films and the impact of streaming platforms on the Latvian film industry, specifically regarding film financing and distribution within a broader context. Since the emergence of streaming platforms, significant adjustments have occurred in the ways films are financed, distributed, and consumed. This study seeks to map the new conditions affecting Latvian film production, distribution practices, and audience consumption. Traditionally, film audiences have been assessed through statistical data on cinema attendance; however, there is an increasing need to analyse film audiences more comprehensively, tracking the entire lifecycle of the films – from cinema exhibition to linear television and streaming platforms. How has the introduction of both local and global streaming platforms altered the practices of Latvian cinema? Where is the audience for Latvian films concentrated – within cinemas, or do they prefer viewing on television or streaming services? By analysing quantitative data on audiences for Latvian films across various platforms collected by the National Film Centre of Latvia, this article offers a broader and more nuanced examination of the lifecycle and audience of national films.