Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to simplify information from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in a single parameter that allows for rapid identification of quality of patient diet and its relationship to cardiovascular risk and pulse wave velocity (PWV).MethodsThe sample from the EVIDENT study, consisting of 1553 subjects (aged 20–80 years) with no cardiovascular disease selected by random sampling among those attending primary care clinics, was used. The EVIDENT diet index (range 0–100) was calculated based on the results of a FFQ. Evaluation of dietary habits also included adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Cardiovascular risk was estimated, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured.ResultsMean subject age was 54.9 ± 13.8 years, and 60.3% of subjects were female. The mean value of the EVIDENT diet index was 52.1 ± 3.2 points. Subjects in the third tertile (the highest score) had the greatest adherence to MD and the highest energy intake, with greater amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber. The best cut-off point of the EVIDENT diet index for predicting good adherence to the MD is 52.3 (0.71 sensitivity, 0.61 specificity). In a multiple regression analysis, after a complete adjustment, it was estimated that for each one-point increase in the EVIDENT diet index, cardiovascular risk (CVR), blood-pressure, waist circumference, and PWV decreased by 0.14, 0.43, 0.24, and 0.09 respectively (p < 0.05, all).ConclusionsThe diet quality index developed is associated to CVR and its components, and also with arterial stiffness, as measured with PWV. This index is also a good predictor of adherence to MD.
Highlights
We aimed to simplify information from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in a single parameter that allows for rapid identification of quality of patient diet and its relationship to cardiovascular risk and pulse wave velocity (PWV)
Lifestyle has been shown to be an essential determinant for the presence or absence of many cardiovascular risk factors
Study design The results of this study are a subanalysis of the EVIDENT study, which was intended to evaluate the relationship of lifestyle with circadian blood pressure pattern, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function in a cohort of adults with no cardiovascular disease
Summary
We aimed to simplify information from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in a single parameter that allows for rapid identification of quality of patient diet and its relationship to cardiovascular risk and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Wide scientific evidence exists of the relationship between dietary habits and development of cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]. Epidemiological studies aimed at analyzing the relationship between diet and chronic disease use different. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of a diet quality index derived from a food frequency. Rodríguez-Martin et al BMC Public Health (2017) 17:305 questionnaire with the cardiovascular risk and pulse wave velocity in a sample of Spanish adults. As a secondary objective we want to evaluate how this index predicts adherence to the Mediterranean diet
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