Abstract
We aimed to demonstrate the patient demographics, etiologies and apraclonidine test results in adult Horner's syndrome. This retrospective study was performed by the analysis of medical data of patients who were given 0.5% apraclonidine test. Patients' past medical history, demographic data, etiologies, accompanying neurological findings and pharmacological test results were assessed. Forty patients (21 females and 19 males) with a mean age of 50.3 ± 11.6years were evaluated. Apraclonidine 0.5% test was positive in 37 patients (92.5%). An etiology could be identified in 20 patients (central [9 patients, 45%], preganglionic [9 patients, 45%] and postganglionic [2 patients, 10%]). Neurological findings accompanying Horner's syndrome were present in 8 patients. Despite detailed investigations, in a significant number of patients with Horner's syndrome an underlying cause may not be detected. Among the identifiable lesions, central and preganglionic involvements are still the first leading causes of Horner's syndrome. In addition, apraclonidine test may not be positive in all patients and a negative response does not exclude Horner's syndrome.
Highlights
Horner’s syndrome (HS) termed as ''oculosympathetic paresis'' results from interruption of the sympathetic pathway anywhere from the hypothalamus to the orbit [1,2,3,4]. This pathway is made up of three-neuron arc and the conditions causing the syndrome are clinically classified as central, preganglionic, and postganglionic according to the lesion localization
Its classical triad consists of ipsilateral ptosis, myosis, and anhydrosis though anhydrosis is unlikely to be present in postganglionic lesions [1]
Demographic data, underlying etiology, accompanying neurological findings, and pharmacological tests used for the diagnosis were recorded
Summary
Horner’s syndrome (HS) termed as ''oculosympathetic paresis'' results from interruption of the sympathetic pathway anywhere from the hypothalamus to the orbit [1,2,3,4]. This pathway is made up of three-neuron arc and the conditions causing the syndrome are clinically classified as central (first-order neuron), preganglionic (second-order neuron), and postganglionic (third-order neuron) according to the lesion localization. Pharmacologic testing is helpful for both the diagnosis and lesion localization [1,2,3,4].
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