Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the features of the craniofacial morphology in complete bilateral cleft lip and palate patients (BCCLP) and to compare them with healthy children. METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 15 children (11-15 years old), who were referred to Ege University, Orthodontics Department with BCCLP and had been operated with different surgical techniques before the age of 2 years, were analysed and compared with those of a control group of 15 healthy children with the same age (11-15 years old), sex, and ethnic characteristics. Patients who had premaxillary excision were not included in the study group. Arnett Gunson-FAB analysis was performed to analyze the radiographs using Dolphin Imaging software programme Version 11.5. Forty-five cephalometric parameters were measured according to true vertical line. The resulting data were evaluated by student’s ttest. RESULTS: The children with operated BCCLP differed significantly from the control group due toof the protrusion and retroclination of the premaxilla which affected the depth and the height of the upper jaw. Upper incisor inclination (Mx1MxOP) and Mx occlusal plane (MxOP-TVL) were increased (p<0.01). These patients had more convex profile, and more retrognathic mandibula; Facial angle (G-Sn-Pog ), lower 1/3 of face (Sn’-Me’), overjet (Mx1-Md1) were decreased whereas overbite (Mx1-Md1), lower incisor tip projection (Md1-Sn) and chin to nasal base (Pog’-Sn’) were increased (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001, respectively).Soft tissue thickness (Pog-Pog’), especially Upper lip length (Sn’UL1) and Upper lip thickness (Mx1 labial-ULA) as well as nasopharnynx airway dimensions and soft palate length (PNS to uvula tip ) were reduced (p<0.01) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The features of craniofacial morphology in BCCLP patients differed from controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. The retrusion of premaxilla and maxillary incisors, the change in occlusal plane, the increase in the overbite causes downwards and backwards rotation of the mandible. Even though incorrect surgical situations such as, exicision of premaxilla, was not evaluated in this study, primary surgical protocol affects the treatment success in future in the cleft patients.
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