Abstract
Phenolic compounds of Morus alba leaves are bioactive compounds with beneficial properties for human health. Therefore, in this study, an optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction by Box–Behnken design was used for the first time to optimize factors such as the percentage of ethanol, ratio solvent/sample (v/w) and extraction time to reach the highest phenolic compound amounts (evaluated by HPLC-MS) while also evaluating in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. The optimal extraction conditions were 40% ethanol, 1/400 (w/v) and 35 min. Applying these optimal conditions, which were identified and quantified by HPLC-MS, resulted in the extraction of 21 phenolic compounds. According to these results, the main phenolic compounds in Morus alba leaves are the phenolic glycoside and phenolic acid named protocatechuic acid-glucoside and caffeoylquinic. In addition, Morus alba leaf extract contains flavonols such quercetin-3-O-6-acetylglucoside and rutin, which represent more than 7% of its total phenolic content.
Highlights
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a plant from the family of Moraceae that is native to Asia and is usually employed as food for silkworm breeding
An optimization of an ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters (percentage of ethanol, solvent/sample ratio (v/w) and extraction time) for the phenolic recovery of Morus alba leaves was established for the first time by using a mathematical model
This is an important step in assessing the quality control of mulberry leaves
Summary
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a plant from the family of Moraceae that is native to Asia and is usually employed as food for silkworm breeding. Mulberry leaves contain phenolic compounds including flavonols such as rutin and other quercetin derivatives which all possess anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and anticonvulsant properties [2,5,6]. These beneficial effects are related in part to the antioxidant activity of these phenolic compounds [3,7]
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