The epidemiology of uveitis: comparison of its causes and visual outcomes between three-tiered medical facilities in Ube city

Hearing loss, uveomeningitis, and stroke in a 55‐year‐old man

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the pattern of uveitis at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of new cases of uveitis attending our tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, Eastern India, from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2019. Data regarding patient demographic profile, clinical features, anatomical locations, and etiological diagnosis were evaluated. Results: Among 331 patients, 142 (42.9%) were male and 189 (57.1%) were female (P < 0.05). The mean age at uveitis onset was 32.4 ± 21.13 years (range: 5–61 years). Uveitis was mostly unilateral (77.64%) and nongranulomatous (85.2%). A specific etiology was identified in 187 patients (56.5%). Anterior uveitis was the most common form (183 patients; 55.29%), followed by posterior uveitis (79 patients; 23.87%), panuveitis (51 patients; 15.4%), and intermediate uveitis (18 patients; 5.44%). The most common cause of anterior uveitis was idiopathic (92 cases; 50.27%), followed by seronegative spondyloarthropathy (25 cases; 13.66%). In intermediate uveitis, a specific diagnosis was obtained in eight (44.45%) cases. Presumed tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and seronegative spondyloarthropathy were among the specific etiological causes. In posterior uveitis, toxoplasmosis was the leading etiological cause (18 cases; 22.78%), followed by presumed tuberculosis and Behçet's disease. In panuveitis cases, a specific diagnosis was established in 33 cases (64.71%). The most common etiology was Behçet's disease (11 cases; 21.57%), followed by Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease and presumed tuberculosis. Conclusion: Anterior uveitis was the most common form of uveitis. A specific etiology was found in 56.5% of cases. Behçet's disease, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, presumed tuberculosis, and toxoplasmosis were the leading causes of uveitis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To analyze the patterns and causes of intraocular inflammation in patients attending uveitis referral clinics in Egypt.Methods: The study included 454 patients with uveitis examined both at the Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, and tertiary uveitis referral clinics in Cairo and the International Eye Clinic in Upper Egypt, between August 2013 and March 2016. All patients had a comprehensive ocular examination and systemic work-up. Standard diagnostic criteria for uveitis syndromes were employed for all patients and ancillary ocular or systemic investigations were ordered as required by the suspected uveitis entity.Results: The mean age at presentation was 30 years (range: 4–75). The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Panuveitis was the most common anatomic pattern (43%), followed by anterior (40.7%), posterior (9%), and intermediate uveitis (7.3%). Anterior uveitis was most commonly attributed to pediatric parasitic anterior chamber granulomas (22.2%). Intermediate uveitis was most commonly idiopathic (81.8%). Toxoplasma retinitis was the most common cause of posterior uveitis (31.7%). Behçet disease was the most common cause of panuveitis followed by Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease (45.6% and 22.1%, respectively). Among non-infectious etiologies, Behçet disease was the most frequent etiology (28.6%), while for infectious causes, herpetic uveitis was found to be the most frequent cause (39.8%).Conclusions: In this uveitis patient population from Egypt, panuveitis was the most commonly encountered anatomic diagnosis. Behçet disease was the most common identified cause of uveitis followed by VKH disease. Herpes-related uveitides and parasitic granulomas represented the most evident causes of infectious uveitis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To describe the pattern of uveitis in patients seen at the uveitis clinic of the East Avenue Medical Center, Philippines.Methods: Clinical records of patients seen from January 2010 to June 2015 were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, associated systemic disease, work-up, and diagnosis.Results: A total of 595 records were reviewed. The mean age at presentation was 38 ± 18.4 years. The majority of the cases were unilateral and chronic. Anterior uveitis was the most common, followed by panuveitis, posterior uveitis, and intermediate uveitis. Uveitis was idiopathic in 54.1%, while specific diagnosis was found in 45.9%. Infectious cause of uveitis was found in 25.6% with tuberculosis (TB) being the most common followed by toxoplasmosis. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) was the most common cause of non-infectious uveitis followed by Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI).Conclusions: In a tertiary hospital in the Philippines, the most common causes of uveitis were TB, VKH, toxoplasmosis, FHI, and sympathetic ophthalmia.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To determine the patterns and causes of uveitis in a referral eye clinic in Qatar.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on all cases of uveitis that presented to the Uveitis Clinic at Hamad Medical Corporation from March 2007 to February 2011. All patients had detailed ocular, medical examination, and uveitis work up.Results: The study included 310 patients. Anterior uveitis was noted in 53.2% of cases (165/310), followed by panuveitis 16.8% (52/310), intermediate uveitis 16.5% (51/310), and posterior uveitis 13.6% (42/310). Causes of uveitis were determined in 69.7% (216/310) of cases. The most commonly identified causes of uveitis in our study were presumed ocular tuberculosis (14.5%), Fuchs uveitis (11.0%), Behçet disease (7.4%), and VKH disease (6.8%).Conclusions: Anterior uveitis is the most common anatomic/clinical form of uveitis in Qatar and the etiologic diagnosis of uveitis should focus in particular on presumed ocular tuberculosis, Fuchs uveitis, Behçet disease, and VKH disease.

To analyse the pattern of uveitis in a referral centre in Tunisia, North Africa. The study included 472 patients with uveitis examined at the Department of Ophthalmology of Monastir (Tunisia) from January 1992 to August 2003. All patients had a comprehensive ocular and systemic history, including an extensive review of medical systems. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases, including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and dilated fundus examination with three-mirror lens. Standard diagnostic criteria were employed for all syndromes or entities of uveitis. The mean age at onset of uveitis was 34 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.1. Uveitis was unilateral in 282 patients (59.7%) and bilateral in 190 patients (40.3%). Anterior uveitis was most common (166 patients; 35.2%), followed by posterior uveitis (133 patients; 28.2%), panuveitis (100 patients; 21.2%), and intermediate uveitis (73 patients; 15.5%). A specific diagnosis was found in 306 patients (64.8%). The most common cause of anterior uveitis was herpetic uveitis (56 patients; 33.7%). Toxoplasmosis was the most frequent cause of posterior uveitis (51 patients; 38.3%). Intermediate uveitis was most commonly idiopathic (63 patients; 86.3%). Behçet's disease was the most common cause of panuveitis (36 patients; 36%), followed by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease (15 patients; 15%). A total of 16 patients (3.4%) suffered from blindness, and 59 (12.5%) from uniocular blindness. In a hospital population in Tunisia, the most common causes of uveitis were Behçet's disease, herpes simplex infection, toxoplasmosis, and VKH disease.

We aimed to investigate the clinical features of intraocular inflammation/uveitis in Hokkaido, Japan. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1240 uveitis patients (511 men, 729 women) who visited Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan between 1994 and 2003. Mean age at disease onset was 41.7 +/- 17.8 years in men and 45.7 +/- 18.3 years in women. Anterior, posterior and combined anterior and posterior segment intraocular inflammation accounted for 45.1%, 4.7% and 50.2% of cases, respectively. Sarcoidosis was the most frequent aetiology (14.9%), followed by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease (9.7%) and Behçet's disease (6.7%). Aetiologies in 49.8% patients were unknown. In sarcoidosis, women represented 72.4% of patients, and disease onset occurred at 35.1 +/- 19.0 years of age in men and 50.3 +/- 16.5 years in women. In VKH disease, 54.2% of patients were women, and disease onset took place at 45.9 +/- 15.8 years in men and 46.4 +/- 14.1 years in women. In Behçet's disease, men accounted for 56.6% of patients, and disease onset occurred at 35.5 +/- 8.5 years in men and 44.5 +/- 11.5 years in women. Women were more prone to developing sarcoidosis compared with men. By contrast, men were more prone to developing Behçet's disease. The mean age at disease onset in both sarcoidosis and Behçet's disease was significantly lower in men than in women.

Profil épidémiologique des uvéites dans la région de Tunis

Background/aims:This is a retrospective cohort uveitis survey to determine the clinical features of uveitis in children and assess the rate of complications at two referral centres in Saudi Arabia.Methods:All children...

This study aimed to compare the occupational radiation exposure of medical workers between general hospitals and university hospitals. Radiation exposure data from three hospitals in Hiroshima city, including one university hospital and two general hospitals, were collected using personal dosimeters. Monthly radiation doses were analyzed, and the annual sum of radiation exposure dose was calculated for 538 subjects in general hospitals and 1224 subjects in the university hospital. To assess the impact of locality, additional data from Nagasaki University Hospital and Fukushima Medical University Hospital were included for comparative analysis. Professional affiliations, such as doctors, nurses, and radiological technologists, were considered in the evaluation. The study revealed slight but significant differences in radiation doses between general and university hospitals. In general hospitals, except for radiological technologists, a slightly higher radiation dose was observed compared to university hospitals. Despite the annual increase in the use of medical radiation, the majority of hospital workers in both settings adhered to safety guidelines, with occupational radiation exposure remaining below the limit of detection (LOD). Workers who involved in fluoroscopic procedure, whether at university or general hospitals, had higher radiation doses than those who did not. The study's primary conclusion is that workers in general hospitals experience a slight but significantly higher radiation dose and a lower percentage below the LOD compared to university hospitals. The observed difference is attributed to the greater workload at general hospitals than at university hospitals, and also may be due to the different nature of university hospital and general hospital. University hospitals, characterized by greater academic orientation, tend to benefit from comprehensive support systems, specialized expertise, and advanced technology, leading to more structured and regulated radiation control. These findings provide a basis for targeted interventions, improved safety protocols.

Purpose: To address the clinical pattern and characteristics of uveitis in a tertiary center for uveitis in China and compare the similarity and difference in the distribution of uveitis entities between China and other countries. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the patients with uveitis referred to the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 1996 to December 2003. The clinical data including category, etiology, gender, and the age of the patients at uveitis presentation were analyzed and compared with studies published previously from other countries. Results: There were 902 male and 850 female patients in our series. The mean age of these patients at uveitis presentation was 33.8 ± 16.5 years. Anterior uveitis (800, 45.6%) was the most common anatomical entity, followed by panuveitis (727, 41.5%), posterior uveitis (119, 6.8%), and intermediate uveitis (106, 6.1%). Further classification with the etiology criteria revealed 16 entities in anterior uveitis, with idiopathic anterior uveitis being the most common entity (473, 27.0%). Twelve entities were identified in panuveitis, of which Behçet disease (289, 16.5%) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome (278, 15.9%) were the predominant ones. No specific entity was recognized in the intermediate uveitis group. Although a number of specific entities were identified in posterior uveitis, toxoplasmosis was noted in only two patients in this group. Conclusions: Idiopathic anterior uveitis, Behçet disease, and VKH syndrome are the most common entities of uveitis in China. Ocular toxoplasmosis, ocular histoplasmosis, and birdshot retinochoroidopathy are less common or absent in China.

PULMONARY SARCOIDOSIS IN VOGT KOYANAGI HARADA SYNDROME: A RARE COINCIDENCE

Purpose This study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in adult Japanese patients with uveitis and to assess its comorbidity according to the etiology, anatomical classification, and specific disease entities. The relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation and progression of uveitic glaucoma (UG) was also investigated. Methods Adult patients (≥20 years at onset) with uveitis treated at Hiroshima University Hospital between July 2009 and June 2023 were included. Data on etiology, anatomical classification, presence of UG, and glaucoma surgery were collected. Disease progression, defined as the slope of the mean deviation (MD) over time, was analyzed in relation to IOP fluctuation (defined as the standard deviation of all IOP measurements/eye). Results Among 671 patients, 212 (31.6%) had UG and 93.9% had chronic uveitis. Anterior uveitis was the most frequent type (34.4%). Non-infectious causes accounted for 86.3%, with mainly idiopathic (51.4%), sarcoidosis (13.2%), and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (12.3%). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis was the most common infectious cause (3.3%). Glaucoma occurred in 33.0% of non-infectious and in 28.1% of infectious cases, and was highest in sarcoidosis (50.0%) and CMV anterior uveitis (77.8%). Glaucoma surgery was required in 41.0% of non-infectious and 60.0% of infectious cases. The MD slope was the most negative in anterior uveitis, and IOP fluctuation was weakly significantly negatively correlated with the MD slope. Conclusion Glaucoma is more common in chronic and anterior uveitis. Sarcoidosis, Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease, and CMV anterior uveitis show high comorbidity. Greater IOP fluctuation may correlate with faster visual field deterioration.

Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease (VKHD) is a rare cause of uveitis and has not been previously reported in the Australian literature. The natural history of this severe inflammatory eye disease may be modified by the early use of high-dose immunosuppressive therapy, especially oral corticosteroids. We report three cases of VKHD who either failed to respond to high-dose corticosteroid (oral and intravenous) therapy alone or developed significant side effects, one of whom subsequently showed a beneficial response and another a transient beneficial response to cyclosporin therapy. Disease relapse or exacerbation of uveitis was the major problem encountered on attempted cyclosporin withdrawal. Further research is needed to define the optimum timing and indications for cyclosporin therapy in patients with VKHD.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To report the pattern of uveitis in a tertiary eye care center in Bangladesh.Methods: Retrospective analysis of all uveitis cases visiting uveitis clinic of Bangladesh Eye Hospital between January, 2009 and April, 2015.Results: In total, 652 patients (mean age 32.3 years, female 47.8%) were included in the study. Uveitis was bilateral in 42.6% of cases. Anterior uveitis was the most common (39.2%) case, closely followed by intermediate uveitis (22.2%), posterior uveitis (22%), and panuveitis (16.4%). Specific diagnosis was established in 53.3% of patients. The three most common specific diagnoses were ocular tuberculosis (10.7%), followed by HLA-B27-related uveitis (10.1%) and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease (VKHD; 8.4%).Conclusion: Ocular tuberculosis remained an important cause of uveitis in Bangladesh while HLA-B27 and VKHD were found to be the most common non-infectious uveitic entity.