Abstract
The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the variety of reasons. First of all, the ethnos is the most reliable group, that ensures the safety and the support in the life, secondly—the ethnic community strengthens the feeling of the intra group unity, thirdly, the ethnos provides the continuity of transfer and preservation of the values of the community; fourthly, the ethnic identity is more accurately realized if the person lives in the multiethnic environment. The purpose of the article consists in the clarification of the role of bilingualism in the formation of the ethnic identity of Russians and Tatars, since its impact on the consciousness of their ethnic identity and orientation on the national-cultural values remains debatable. The available empirical information is rather fragmentary and casual. The leading method of the research is the comparative approach to the study of the influence of the bilingualism on the formations of the ethnic identity of Russians and Tatars. The main result of the research is the evidence of such fact that the understanding of the identity is defined by the place of the residence (the city, the village), by the occupation (the intellectual, the worker), and by the social environment (the mono or bilingual environment). The materials of the article can be used in educational institutions when drawing up the curricula, taking into account the regional and Federal component of the humanitarian disciplines.
Highlights
For a long time in Russian ethnopsychology and ethnosociology the main subject of the theoretical and empirical researches was the ethnic consciousness—the understanding of the individuals of their own identity of a certain ethnic community
The ethnos is the most reliable group, that ensures the safety and the support in the life, secondly—the ethnic community strengthens the feeling of the intra group unity, thirdly, the ethnos provides the continuity of transfer and preservation of the values of the community; fourthly, the ethnic identity is more accurately realized if the person lives in the multiethnic environment
The ethnic identity, as opposed to the ethnic consciousness—a more narrow reflection of the reality, which involves the awareness of the nature of their ethnic community through the knowledge of “them”
Summary
For a long time in Russian ethnopsychology and ethnosociology the main subject of the theoretical and empirical researches was the ethnic consciousness—the understanding of the individuals of their own identity of a certain ethnic community. On the formation of the ethnic identity makes impact the degree of heterogeneity the immediate environment, and an environment in general In other words, it is significant, whether there lives a person in the multiethnic or monoethnic environment. The situation of the interethnic communication gives to the individual more opportunities for the acquisition of knowledge of the features of their own and other groups, their similarity and distinctions, promotes the development of the interethnic understanding and formation of the communicative skills It doesn’t contradict at all that in the multiethnic environment (especially in the situation of the non-conflict interethnic relations) some blurriness of the ethnic identity is inevitable. The formation of the ethnic identity happens in three directions (hypoidentity, hyper identity, positive ethnic identity), and, that is especially important, depends on belonging to a certain ethnic community (group of the majority or minority) (Stefanenko, 2009)
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