The emerging role of anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody (Tezepelumab) in comorbid and non-comorbid CRSwNP patients: a scoping review.

Biologics and the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis

Expanding the evidence base for the medical treatment of nasal polyposis

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)

Dupilumab improves patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and comorbid asthma

Oral and Nasal Steroids for Nasal Polyps

The sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis

Mepolizumab in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Severe Nasal Polyposis: Real-Life Spanish Cohort Study.

Multidisciplinary consensus on a stepwise treatment algorithm for management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Omalizumab Is Effective In Allergic And Non-allergic Patients With Nasal Polyps And Asthma

Dupilumab (Dupixent®) is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody against the interleukin (IL)-4receptor α (IL-4Rα) subunit, which is shared by the type I IL-4 and the type II IL-4/IL-13 receptor complexes. By binding to and blocking this subunit, dupilumab inhibits IL-4 and IL-13, which are the major drivers of human type 2 inflammatory disease [e.g. asthma, atopic dermatitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)]. Dupilumab, administered subcutaneously, is the first biological therapy to be approved for the treatment of adults with inadequately controlled CRSwNP in the EU and the USA. In two placebo-controlled, multinational, phase III studies of 24 and 52weeks' duration, the addition of dupilumab (300mg every 2weeks) to the intranasal corticosteroid treatment of adults with severe, inadequately controlled CRSwNP was generally well tolerated and improved nasal polyp size, sinus opacification and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), relieved the major symptoms of CRSwNP (nasal congestion or obstruction, nasal discharge and loss of smell) and reduced the use of systemic corticosteroids and the need for nasal polyp surgery. Improvements in nasal polyp size, sinus opacification and nasal congestion or obstruction were achieved regardless of the presence of comorbid asthma or NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease, or a history of previous nasal polyp surgery, with patients with comorbid asthma also demonstrating improvements in lung function and asthma control regardless of their baseline eosinophil count. Thus, add-on subcutaneous dupilumab is a valuable treatment option for adults with inadequately controlled CRSwNP.

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Fevipiprant in CRSwNP and comorbid asthma: Wrong target population or wrong PGD2 receptor?

Rapid and sustained effects of dupilumab in severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma are chronic type 2 inflammatory diseases that are frequently associated with each other. Dupilumab inhibits the dual signaling pathways of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which are key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. Omalizumab blocks the action of immunoglobulin E. Head-to-head studies are required to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of these interventions. EVEREST (EValuating trEatment RESponses of dupilumab vs omalizumab in Type 2 patients) trial is designed to evaluate whether the efficacy of dupilumab is superior to omalizumab in treating patients with CRSwNP and comorbid asthma (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04998604). Here, we describe the EVEREST study design to compare the efficacy and safety of dupilumab compared to omalizumab over 24 weeks of treatment in patients with severe CRSwNP and comorbid asthma. EVEREST is a global, phase 4 multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, active-controlled trial. Approximately 422 adult patients with severe CRSwNP, symptoms of nasal congestion and loss of smell, and coexisting asthma will be recruited across 15 countries. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of dupilumab compared to omalizumab in reducing the nasal polyp size and improving the sense of smell. The key secondary objectives are to evaluate the comparative efficacy in improving CRSwNP symptoms (eg, nasal congestion) and lung function. The safety will be evaluated in terms of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and AEs of special interest. EVEREST is the first head-to-head trial assessing the comparative efficacy and safety of 2 biologics in patients with severe CRSwNP and comorbid asthma. The study will provide evidence to help optimize treatment plans for patients that suffer from severe CRSwNP and comorbid asthma.