The Emergence of the ‘Duldung Light’: Managing Deportability, Sanctioning Illegibility

The Syrian refugee crisis posed enormous challenges for the child welfare system and immigration authorities in Germany. Based on qualitative interviews and publicly available data, this paper explores the responses of frontline workers to the surge in unaccompanied refugee minors (UAMs) during the crisis and how their actions were experienced by UAMs. Results illustrate how frontline coping strategies created effective barriers to UAMs being united with their families. The findings raise questions about the relationship between ambiguous policy goals, frontline practice and formal legislation in the context of the right to asylum and the best interests of the child.

In the context of Ukraine's European integration and ongoing scientific sector reform, implementing Open Science principles has become increasingly relevant for the national academic community. This paper analyzes EU and Ukrainian legislation regarding open access to scientific and technical information and research infrastructure, while also proposing ways to improve the quality assessment system for scientific and technical activities. The authors employ a comprehensive methodology, combining general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, and historical analysis) with specialized legal research methods (doctrinal analysis, forecasting, and modeling) to conduct a multifaceted study and support their conclusions on the need for legislative updates. The first section examines the legal framework supporting open access to scientific and technical information, arguing for the introduction of new legislative concepts including «open access to scientific and technical information», «public funding of scientific research», «research data,», «metadata». The second section addresses copyright protection within the open science context, proposing amendments to Ukrainian legislation regarding open access to scientific publications, in-depth text and data analysis, regulation of orphan works, and the right of secondary publication. The third section evaluates the alignment of Ukrainian legislation with open science principles in research assessment and incentivization, recommending a new certification methodology for scientific institutions that balances quantitative metrics with substantive qualitative assessment. The fourth section examines EU policy and legislation on open access to research infrastructure, proposing updates to Ukrainian legislative terminology by introducing concepts such as «open access to research infrastructure» and «research infrastructure register». The final section analyzes the academic integrity draft law from an Open Science policy perspective, offering recommendations for improving specific legal provisions.

The national technical and scientific information infrastructure is a strategic component of the research ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova, facilitating open access to knowledge and enhancing the visibility of scientific results. Platforms such as the National Bibliometric Instrument (IBN), the AGEPI databases, and institutional repositories contribute to the archiving, indexing, and sustainable dissemination of scientific output. These digital structures ensure interoperability with international open data networks, in line with the principles promoted by UNESCO. Strengthening the national information infrastructure is an essential prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of science, fostering international cooperation, and maximizing the societal impact of research results.

Introduction:Policymakers in each country must decide on the financing and payment system for healthcare.In addition to increasing efficiency and effectiveness, this system should reduce individuals' out-of-pocket payments.One such system that has shown positive results globally is Diagnostic Related Groups (DRG).This study aims to identify the requirements for the implementation of DRG in Iran.Methods: This research is a qualitative study employing conventional content analysis, conducted during 2021-2022.Data were collected through semi-structured interviews.The participnats included senior managers with at least five years of experience working in insurance organizations, the budget unit, or medical economics of the Ministry of Health or hospitals, as well as faculty members with experience in research related to payment methods.The participnats were selected based on specific criteria.After conducting 14 interviews, data saturation was achieved.The data were then analyzed using MAXQDA10 software. Results:The most important requirements for the implementation of DRG in Iran included regulatory/executive requirements, informing and accompanying stakeholders, technical and informational infrastructures, and 10 related sub-themes. Conclusion:For the successful implementation of the DRG system in Iran, policymakers and health system managers can leverage the experiences of other countries, train healthcare providers, calculate accurate costs, improve the accounting system, provide necessary software, develop diagnostic groups, set proportionate tariffs, and strengthen information systems.These steps will help remove implementation obstacles, attract stakeholder cooperation, and prepare the necessary technical and informational infrastructures.

Information Infrastructures (II) were initially conceptualized as technical objects by authors that identified attributes required for the evolution of an II. However, beyond its technical limitations information infrastructures may also evolve as a result of managerial actions and as such, must be considered in the context of its contribution to the goals of organizations and markets, the organizational arrangement between partners, users and the governance process.

Transformations of established institutional orders are to be expected along-side the appearance of novel ICT-enabled models of service delivery. Such transformations are neither simple nor short-term, but involve complex and fundamental changes in normative, regulative, and technical aspects. In this paper we describe the initial stages of a project redesigning psychiatric services for children and adolescents. New collaboration models, supported by new ICT applications, were introduced into the ordinary structures of health care services in Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway. Our aim is to contribute to the understanding of how the preexisting technical and organizational systems and models, the installed base, impact radical change. We address the potential for user-driven innovations, and focus our analysis on the quality of generativity in the existing information infrastructure. The salient challenges in our case were related to the existing technical information infrastructure in the health sector. The new solution was pushed outside the established information infrastructure. While this may be only a temporary situation, we argue that, as a result of this process, the new solution emerged with a greater potential for future generativity than it would have had it been more linked to the existing information infrastructure.

An overview is given of the scope of the National Digital Economy of the Russian Federation Program for the development of the information and innovation infrastructure in Russia. Insight is provided into the factors that influence the pace of innovative development of the Russian economy. The current status of the State System for Scientific and Technical Information is analyzed to establish the most relevant and promising areas for modernization. A macrostructure is provided for a set of activities to modernize the information support system for science and industry and ensure the development of a national information system. The areas are outlined for the development and implementation of a new scientific and information policy for the All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI). It is recognized that the reconstruction of the national information infrastructure is a major issue of an interdisciplinary and supradepartmental nature.

The purpose of this study is to show the main stages of the formation of the stages of the formation of Russia’s information service infrastructure, the current vectors of its development. The authors discuss the background and stages of the life cycle of the State System of Scientific and Technical Information (GSNTI) of the USSR, later of the Russian Federation. The authors argue that GSNTI has been gradually eroding since the beginning of the 21st century due to the loss of unified management and unified principles. The need for and priority of the national information system in modern Russia, its own information resources, and the competence to focus on foreign information resources have become more acute in the context of the sanctions announced against Russia. The authors specify the problems of Russia's information infrastructure, e.g. departmental disunity, lack of the single methodological center and involvement in the international information space. However, the country has retained a significant part of its own information resources that, however, cannot be developed efficiently without due government support. The authors substantiate the need for the state program of information infrastructure development in Russia, based on the experience of the State System of Sci-tech Information, which is seen as the first step toward the maintenance and development of the country’s information infrastructure.

For evaluation of biometric performance of biometric components and system, the availability of independent databases and desirably independent evaluators is important. Both databases of significant size and independent testing institutions provide the precondition for fair and unbiased benchmarking. In order to show generalization capabilities of the system under test, it is essential that algorithm developers do not have access to the testing database, and thus the risk of tuned algorithms is minimized. In this paper, we describe the GUC100 multiscanner fingerprint database that has been created for independent and in-house (semipublic) performance and interoperability testing of third party algorithms. The GUC100 was collected by using six different fingerprint scanners (TST, L-1, Cross Match, Precise Biometrics, Lumidigm, and Sagem). Over several months, fingerprint images of all 10 fingers from 100 subjects on all 6 scanners were acquired. In total, GUC100 contains almost 72.000 fingerprint images. The GUC100 database enables us to evaluate various performances and interoperability settings by taking into account different influencing factors such as fingerprint scanner and image quality. The GUC100 data set is freely available to other researchers and practitioners provided that they conduct their testing in the premises of the Gjovik University College in Norway, or alternatively submit their algorithms (in compiled form) to run on GUC100 by researchers in Gjovik. We applied one public and one commercial fingerprint verification algorithm on GUC100, and the reported results indicate that GUC100 is a challenging database.

In this paper, we describe the GUC100 multi-scanner fingerprint database that has been created for independent and in-house (semi-public) performance and interoperability testing of third party algorithms. The GUC100 was collected by using six different fingerprint scanners (TST, L-1, Cross Match, PreciseBiometrics, Lumidigm and Sagem). Over several months fingerprint images of all 10 fingers from 100 subjects on all 6 scanners were acquired. In total, GUC100 contains almost 72.000 fingerprint images.The GUC100 database enables to evaluate various performances and interoperability settings by taking into account different influencing factors such as fingerprint scanner, image quality and so on. The GUC100 data set is freely available to other researchers and practitioners provided that they conduct their testing in the premises of the Gjovik University College in Norway, or alternatively submit their algorithms (in compiled form) to run on GUC100 by researchers in Gjovik.We applied a commercial fingerprint verification algorithm on GUC100 and the reported results indicate that GUC100 is a challenging database.

: This is a report of a research project for the purpose of exploring the federal information policy environment in which DTIC finds itself. The report surveys current federal information policy including 1994 legislative and policy initiatives affecting the Privacy Act, the Paperwork Reduction Act, OMB Circular A-130, the Government Information Locator Service, the information infrastructure and other areas. Special attention was devoted to the Freedom of Information Act, especially electronic FOIA, and to public versus non-public information. The report examines how recent events affecting intellectual property in electronic and network environments will affect DTIC. The report asks the question as to whether the federal government needs a policy document to cover the special situation of scientific and technical information; it concludes that the policy setting of STI is so different from other federal information activities and faces such urgent issues that a separate STI policy is needed. Scientific and technical information, Federal information policy, Freedom of information, Privacy, Paperwork reduction, Intellectual property, OMB Circular No. A-130.

This paper outlines the activities of the Interstate Coordination Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICCSTI), which is aimed at coordination of the actions of states-participants of the CIS in the exchange of scientific and technical information, for the informational support of interstate scientific and technical cooperation. It examines the strategy and structure of information support of innovation processes as part of the innovative integration of the CIS, which is implemented together with the formation of an integrated information environment, as well as shaping the information infrastructure of the innovative integration of states-participants of the CIS based on the concept of scientific information to ensure programs and projects of states-participants of CIS in the sphere of innovations. We describe a distributed multilevel system of information support of innovation, which is designed for the integrated management of information resource sharing.

Background. One of the significant challenges facing the healthcare system in Iran is enhancing the efficiency of medical services and ensuring equity in access to care. The Family Physician Program and the Referral System are pivotal health policies within this context. This study aims to identify the key factors that drive the successful implementation of the Family Physician Program and the Referral System in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Methods. This applied study employed an exploratory mixed-methods design. The qualitative phase included 15 participants, such as university health administrators, family physicians, health policy experts, and faculty members, all with at least five years of managerial experience. In the quantitative phase, the population comprised all individuals who used services through the Family Physician Program and the Referral System. A sample of 384 respondents was determined using Morgan’s table. Data collection involved field and documentary methods. Semi-structured interviews were applied in the qualitative phase, while questionnaires were employed in the quantitative phase. Data were analyzed using the Delphi technique for the qualitative section and descriptive and inferential statistics for the quantitative section. The study was carried out in 2024. Results. The results revealed that several driving forces- including the training and empowerment of family physicians and healthcare teams, public awareness and cultural sensitization, the provision of sustainable financial resources, and the establishment of adequate technical and informational infrastructure- are critical to the effective implementation of the Family Physician Program and the Referral System. Conclusion. The proposed model demonstrates strong reliability in explaining the interrelationships among variables and highlights the adequacy of policy implementation quality in the Family Physician Program and the Referral System.

The purpose of this research is to get students’ opinions on teaching programming to students with the help of educational games in the conditions of additional education in computer science. In order to carry out the study in accordance with the main purpose, the phenomenological approach, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The participant group of the research consists of 40 students studying in computer science departments at various universities in Kazakhstan. Research data were collected with a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. As a result of the research, it has been determined that university students have half the experience of learning programming with the help of educational games. University students benefit from learning programming with the help of educational games. They categorised it as ease of learning, fun learning environment, permanence of learning, increasing motivation and developing problem-solving ability. Students categorised the disadvantages of learning to programme with the help of educational games as inadequacy in educational games, deficiencies in technical infrastructure and deficiencies in information infrastructure. Some of the students stated that learning programming with the help of educational games is not a disadvantage. Finally, the majority of university students participating in the research stated that they wanted to learn programming with the help of educational games. The results have led to the necessity of giving more space to programming courses with the help of educational games in the curriculum of the departments that provide programming-based education in universities.
 
 Keywords: Computer science, educational games, programming, student opinions;

This article provides the modern cybersecurity trends directly related to aim ant tasks of criminals. It reflect the assessment of global technological risks discussed at 2020 World Economic Forum. The article covers estimations on increase on negative impact of geopolitical sharpness elements on economic potential of next generation technologies. Data fraud and cyberattacks are considered as priority key indicators at assessment of the most possible global risks, and attacks at informational infrastructure are equal to the cyberattacks risks at the rating of the most possible risks. Forecast indicates that cyberattacks are the most likely to be used as indirect conflicts between countries which look forward to expand their range on influence. In such situation the cybersecurity issues can`t stay on the second place or be the issues which should be solved at existence of direct cyber threats to the modern informational systems, IoT systems and SCADA. Obviously, we should revise the approaches to creation and development of modern informational technologies and cybersecurity issues should be considered as constituent element in development of modern informational systems from the very moment of its initiation, projecting, and on all stages of production and support. Reorientation of informational system developers to creation of new integrated platforms with cybersecurity constituent elements demands the research and implementation of new approaches to its development, as well as engagement of the world community at elaboration of relevant standards and protocols, which ensure the secure functioning of informational systems at world net. The article provides the basic requirements to constituent elements at development of concept of informational and cyber security in conditions of hybrid threats especially provides recommendations on organizational structure for informational security department and general principles to organize the activities and controls on informational and cyber protection. The article defines tasks for informational security department, provides the list of basic actions to secure information, and formulates the tasks, which should be ensured by technical infrastructure, organizational, procedural and hardware and technical actions to manage the informational security, and other principles to ensure informational security in development of concept of informational security within the hybrid threats conditions.