The efficiency of some microelement compositions in spring wheat cultivation system

Abstract

The studies were performed on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Northern Trans-Urals - a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the SB RAS in 2019. In the experiment, studies were carried out on the use of biogenic iron hydroxide nanoparticles in various variations on spring wheat for seed treatment before sowing and plants during the growing season in the complex plant protection complex. Records and observations were performed according to standard guidelines adopted in the State variety testing network, crop production and plant protection. The use of biogenic Fe did not affect the initial development of plants and germination. Analysis of seeds for disease damage showed a general infection within 50%, seed treatment with a fungicide disinfectant reduced their infection by 90%, biogenic iron by 34%, which is the threshold for the assessment of PSM. Root diseases caused by helminthosporious and Fusarium infections were suppressed by 71-93% fungicidal protectants and 30-60% by the use of biogenic iron with an increase in plant maturation efficiency. In the conditions of the year of leaf stem diseases the development of septoriosis of the ear and stem prevailed 30-40%, the use of a chemical fungicide had a reception efficiency of 77-82% against the background of fungicidal protectants and the use of compositions in the earing phase and increased by 10% to 89% from treatment in the tillering phase with biogenic iron and biofungicide. Biogenic Fe applied in the tillering phase had a directed effect on the development of the ear increasing its weight by 1.07 g, and resistance to lodging, but there was a decrease in the length of the stem, the development of the leaf blade of the flag leaf by 8.7-12.7%, and the total mass of plants. Increased yield by 9.8-12.4% and gluten content up to 30% contributed to the use of biogenic iron and biofungicide increasing the effectiveness of the chemical fungicide at low rates. The use of biogenic iron is possible in the technology of spring wheat cultivation to reduce the chemical load by regulating the norms of application of the fungicidal direction of the PSM.