Abstract
Bio-insecticidal effects of seven Chinese medicinal herbs on mortality, fecundity, developmental periods and life table parameters of the grape phylloxera were investigated. In an excised root bioassay experiment aqueous extracts from seven Chinese medicinal herbs increased grape phylloxera first instar mortality (26.00–38.50%) compared to other instars. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), fecundity rate and net reproductive rate (R0) were significantly reduced by A. bidentata, A. tataricus, O. basilicum, P. frutescens and N. cataria. In a glasshouse pot trial, eggs, nymphs, adults and total population were significantly reduced before population establishment compared to those after its population established, by A. bidentata, A. tataricus and O. basilicum. Overall, A. bidentata, A. tataricus and O. basilicum can be used to suppress all life-stages of grape phylloxera.
Highlights
Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera, Phylloxeridae), is an aphidlike pest, native to eastern North America but nowadays it is widely regarded as the most destructive insect pest of commercial grapevines Vitis worldwide [1]
First instar developmental period was significantly prolonged by A. bidentata A. tataricus and O. basilicum extracts (F = 19.36, d.f. = 7, 24, P < 0.001)
Second (F = 27.30, d.f. = 7, 24, P < 0.001), third (F = 11.21, d.f. = 7, 24, P = 0.3) and fourth instars (F = 9.70, d.f. = 7, 24, P < 0.001) developmental period was significantly delayed by A. bidentata and A. tataricus extracts compared to the control second and fourth instar developmental period was significantly delayed by O. basilicum and by O. basilicum, P. frutescens, N. cataria and M. haplocalyx respectively compared to the control
Summary
Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera, Phylloxeridae), is an aphidlike pest, native to eastern North America but nowadays it is widely regarded as the most destructive insect pest of commercial grapevines Vitis worldwide [1]. Grape phylloxera was first reported as a grape pest in France and spread across continental Europe and around the world [3]. Since the 1920s, some studies on biology and control of grape phylloxera have been conducted worldwide. Since the early historical outbreaks, grape phylloxera has been managed effectively using resistant rootstocks [2]. This strategy is facing a challenge as resistance of rootstocks to grape phylloxera that is being questioned as a result of genotype-genotype interactions between the host and pest. Host-associated grape phylloxera genetic clones with a preference for different Vitis genotypes has been observed in endemic Californian, German, PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0128038. Host-associated grape phylloxera genetic clones with a preference for different Vitis genotypes has been observed in endemic Californian, German, PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0128038 July 17, 2015
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