Abstract
BackgroundWeight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting. The health risks of frequent WF for metabolic syndrome (MS) have become a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of WF on the risk of MS in Koreans.MethodsThis study analyzed secondary data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a 16-year prospective cohort study, on 8150 individuals using time-dependent Cox regression.ResultsWF did not increase the risk of MS in either normal-weight or obese subjects. In an analysis of the components of MS, greater WF significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07, p < 0.001) in normal-weight individuals. However, WF did not increase the risk of hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, or raised fasting glucose in normal-weight individuals, and it did not influence any of the components of MS in obese individuals.ConclusionSince WF was found to be a risk factor for abdominal obesity, which is the most reliable predictor of MS, it should be considered when addressing weight control. Further studies on cut-off points for the degree of weight loss in a certain period need to be conducted to help clinicians provide guidance on appropriate weight control.
Highlights
Weight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting
This study found that WF had no statistically significant effect of metabolic syndrome (MS) in either normal-weight or obese individuals
Regarding the associations of WF with MS components, this study found that WF increased the risk of abdominal obesity in the normal-weight group, but not in the obese group
Summary
Weight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting. The health risks of frequent WF for metabolic syndrome (MS) have become a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest. Chin and So Archives of Public Health (2021) 79:21 emphasized as a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest [2,3,4] This is because WF and MS are known to increase morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, an important cause of human death worldwide [5,6,7,8]. Extensive research has been conducted through the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) with a focus on metabolic syndrome and T2DM because of the relatively high prevalence of these conditions in the population and clear disease ascertainment [10]
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