Abstract
We investigated the response of the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum to possible temperature and salinity changes in a holding facility. First, clams were exposed to four temperatures for 15 days. Valve closure and survival of clams exposed to seawater at 18 °C were higher than that of those exposed to seawater at 24 °C. Second, clams were exposed to six salinities for 15 days. Survival of clams exposed to two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) was lower than that of clams exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Valve closures of clams exposed to constant low salinity conditions (24 psu) and two salinity fluctuation conditions (24–30 and 27–24 psu) were higher than those exposed to constant 30 psu conditions. Lastly, clams were exposed to two different temperatures and three different salinity conditions for 8 days. Valve closure and survival decreased significantly under the combination of 24 °C and 18 psu. These results suggest that an increase in temperature or a wider range of salinity fluctuations are detrimental to the survival of the Manila clam. The synergistic effect of temperature and salinity stressors may decrease the survival period of clams compared to the effect of a single stressor.
Highlights
Increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to climate-related changes, such as global warming and extreme weather events, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report [1]
A reduction in valve closure and increased mortality at 24 ◦ C compared to 18 ◦ C were observed, the Condition Index (CI) of clams showed no significant differences between different temperatures (15–24 ◦ C) for 15 days
Our study provides information on how climate-related events affect the survival and behavior of the infaunal Manila clam V. philippinarum in holding facilities
Summary
Increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to climate-related changes, such as global warming and extreme weather events, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report [1]. The number of melting glaciers, the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events, and the input of freshwater from rivers may increase, due to global warming [3,4]. These events can affect the marine ecosystem, especially through direct effects on marine organisms in the coastal zone [5,6]. Temperature and salinity are important environmental factors affecting the survival of marine benthic organisms, and increasing temperatures and decreasing salinity can act as dominant physical stressors [9]
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