Abstract
Subcritical and supercritical fluids have had a lasting impact on process engineering. The critical fluids have been a great boon to a multitude of industries, and are also an active research interest. These fluids offer a few unique features that allow them flexibility, such as temperature-pressure-dependent differential solvating capacity, in addition to being benign in terms of processes taking place under near-ambient conditions in most cases. They have been employed in extraction, encapsulation, fractionation, chromatography, and related process engineering applications that transcend the boundaries of conventional fluids. Their ability to selectively isolate the compound of interest greatly aids in minimizing downstream processing; and being a green technology, they aid in the cause of sustaining the environment as well. This chapter provides insight into the multiple domains that have benefited from critical fluids and attempts to highlight the major achievements and the way forward.
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