Abstract
In the paper, by using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter technology, the HfC coating grew on a 316L stainless steel substrate in an Ar atmosphere at various substrate bias voltages from 0 to −200 V. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments, the HfC coatings were well crystallized and (111) preferential growth had been successfully obtained by controlling bias voltage at −200 V. Nanoindentation experimental results for the prepared HfC coatings indicated that they possessed the maximum nanohardness due to the formation of the (111) orientation. The results of electrochemical measurements displayed that 316L stainless steel (316L) coated with the HfC coatings had better corrosion resistance than bare 316L. With the bias voltage increasing to −200 V, adhesion of the 316L substrate with the HfC coating could be greatly improved, as well as corrosion resistance. The antithrombogenicity of the HfC coatings was identified by platelet adhesive and hemolytic ratio assay in vitro. It was shown that the hemocompatibility of coated 316L had been improved greatly compared with bare 316L and the HfC coatings possessed better antithrombogenicity with the bias voltage elevating above −150 V.
Highlights
Biomaterials have been applied to modern medicinal fields widely, such as orthopedy, dentistry, cardiology, and ophthalmology [1,2,3]
For the hafnium carbide (HfC) coatings prepared at −150 and −200 V, the most intense peaks were found in the (111) orientation, which was consistent with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pole figures of the (111) crystal plane (Figure 2)
It was determined that the HfC coating prepared at −200 V had the lowest friction coefficient (0.14), which was due to its high mechanical properties compared with other deposited HfC coatings
Summary
Biomaterials have been applied to modern medicinal fields widely, such as orthopedy, dentistry, cardiology, and ophthalmology [1,2,3]. Transition metal hafnium has strengths, such as excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and good biocompatible performance [18]. Compared with a pure transition metal, transition metal carbides have many excellent properties, such as superior mechanical properties, high melting temperature, good wear resistance, and outstanding corrosion resistance, and have been widely used as hard coatings, anti-ablation coatings, wear-resistant coating, etc. Hafnium carbide coating with the highest melting point (3890 ◦C) is one of these carbides used as a high-temperature-resisting coating owing to its chemical inertness, low oxygen diffusion coefficient, and excellent chemical compatibility with carbon/carbon composites [24,25,26]. Braic et al [27] reported that (TiZrNbHfTa)C coating containing C and Hf elements possesses good synthesis performances, such as a low friction coefficient, high hardness, superior corrosion resistance, and good biocompatible properties. This paper presented an investigation whose purpose was to prepare HfC coatings on 316L and determined the bias voltage’s effect on the coatings’ structural, mechanical, and tribological behaviors; corrosion resistance; and hemocompatibility
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