The effects of students' cooperative attitudes, competitive attitudes, and teachers' teaching styles on students' mathematics achievement: Indonesian case from PISA 2018

Abstract

Many learning theories say that raising students' cooperative attitudes, competitive attitudes, and paying attention to the teacher's teaching style in every lesson are appropriate actions in learning that may improve the student achievement. This study uses data from the PISA 2018 Indonesia to investigate the factors that influence the mathematics achievement of 15-year-old students. The hierarchical linear model was used to examine the factors from the perspective of students and schools. At the student level, the results showed that the students who studied cooperatively, students with a highly competitive spirit, students with high self-efficacy, and students who were taught by creative teachers had a significant effect on students' mathematics achievement. Female students had higher mathematics achievement than male students on average. At the school level, the findings revealed that differences in mathematics achievement can be explained by school status, with public schools outperforming private schools.