Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare proteomic data on the effects of spaceflight factors on the human body, including both real space missions and ground-based experiments. LC–MS/MS-based proteomic analysis of blood plasma samples obtained from 13 cosmonauts before and after long-duration (169–199 days) missions on the International Space Station (ISS) and for five healthy men included in 21-day-long head-down bed rest (HDBR) and dry immersion experiments were performed. The semi-quantitative label-free analysis revealed significantly changed proteins: 19 proteins were significantly different on the first (+1) day after landing with respect to background levels; 44 proteins significantly changed during HDBR and 31 changed in the dry immersion experiment. Comparative analysis revealed nine common proteins (A1BG, A2M, SERPINA1, SERPINA3, SERPING1, SERPINC1, HP, CFB, TF), which changed their levels after landing, as well as in both ground-based experiments. Common processes, such as platelet degranulation, hemostasis, post-translational protein phosphorylation and processes of protein metabolism, indicate common pathogenesis in ground experiments and during spaceflight. Dissimilarity in the lists of significantly changed proteins could be explained by the differences in the dynamics of effective development in the ground-based experiments. Data are available via ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD013305.
Highlights
Today, world space agencies are faced with several tasks, including equipping the International Space Station (ISS) with new modules for fundamental space research aboard the station, landing on the moon and further colonization of the lunar surface
Head down bed rest (HDBR) is one of the experimental models that limits the mobility of a person to strict bed rest, while the head of the bed is lowered relative to the horizontal axis [8]
It is known that this model accurately reproduces the cardiovascular, motor, and other changes observed during spaceflight [9]
Summary
World space agencies are faced with several tasks, including equipping the International Space Station (ISS) with new modules for fundamental space research aboard the station, landing on the moon and further colonization of the lunar surface. Head down bed rest (HDBR) is one of the experimental models that limits the mobility of a person to strict bed rest, while the head of the bed is lowered relative to the horizontal axis [8] During these experiments, loss of muscle mass occurs due to a decrease in protein synthesis [10], while no increase in the rate of proteolysis of myofibrils nor activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation is observed [11,12]. This experiment helps to investigate the functional adaptation of muscles to the decrease in motor activity, for spaceflight and bed rest [13] Dry immersion is another ground-based experiment that is widely used in gravitational physiology to simulate the early effects of microgravity. It is known that this model accurately reproduces the cardiovascular, motor, and other changes observed during spaceflight [9]
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