The effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust on online sales performance in the refrigeration product sector

MSMEs in Indonesia are expected to be able to face competition in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. However, there are many problems and obstacles in competitiveness, especially facing global competition, including access to capital, access to information and technology, access to organization and management, and access to business networks and partnerships. Besides, it is often difficult for them to get additional capital through banks or other lenders to increase their business scale. Moreover, a lack of financial and digital literacy causes the low validity of MSMEs' data to lenders. The adoption of blockchain technology is one of the considerations to minimize these MSMEs problems. Meanwhile, this technology is still relatively new to be applied to MSMEs but positively impacts the future. This study aims to measure and analyze MSMEs' readiness in using blockchain technology on a business scale with the TRAM model. This model integrates the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) models. This study aims to test several variables, including TRI, perceive ease of use, perceive ease of usefulness, attitude toward, and intense use of blockchain technology. Data processing uses the partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM) method. The results showed that TRI was significant on perceived ease of usefulness and perceived ease of usefulness. Then, perceive ease of use is significant towards perceive ease of usefulness and intention to use. Besides, perceive ease of usefulness is significant for attitude. The attitude toward variable is significant for the intention to use in the acceptance of blockchain technology.

Loneliness is a significant issue among older Asian Americans, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Older age, lower income, limited education, and immigrant status heighten loneliness risk. Information communication technologies (ICTs) have been associated with decreased loneliness among older adults. However, older Asian Americans are less likely to use ICTs, particularly if they are immigrants, have limited English proficiency, or are low income. The Technology Acceptance Model posits that perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) are key factors in predicting technology use. This study aimed to examine associations between PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness among low-income, older Asian Americans. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from predominately older Asian Americans in affordable senior housing (N=401). Using exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis, we examined 12 survey items to identify factors accounting for variance in ICT use. We deployed structural equation modeling to explore relationships among the latent factors and loneliness, adjusting for demographic and cognitive factors. Exploratory factor analysis and Horn parallel analysis revealed 3 factors that accounted for 56.48% (6.78/12) total variance. PEOU combined items from validated subscales of tech anxiety and comfort, accounting for a 28.44% (3.41/12) variance. ICT use combined years of technological experience, computer, tablet, and smartphone use frequency, accounting for 15.59% (1.87/12) variance. PU combined 2 items assessing the usefulness of technology for social connection and learning and accounted for a 12.44% (1.49/12) variance. The 3-factor structural equation modeling revealed reasonable fit indexes (χ2133=345.132; P<.001, chi-square minimum (CMIN)/df = 2595, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.93, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.88). PEOU was positively associated with PU (β=.15; P=.01); PEOU and PU were positive predictors of ICT use (PEOU β=.26, P<.001; PU β=.18, P=.01); and ICT use was negatively associated with loneliness (β=-.28, P<.001). Demographic and health covariates also significantly influenced PU, PEOU, ICT use, and loneliness. English proficiency and education positively predicted PEOU (r=0.25, P<.001; r=0.26, P<.001) and ICT use (β=1.66, P=.03; β=.21, P<.001), while subjective cognitive decline and Asian ethnicity were positively associated with loneliness (β=.31, P<.001; β=.25, P<.001). This study suggests that targeted interventions enhancing PU or PEOU could increase ICT acceptance and reduce loneliness among low-income Asian Americans. Findings also underscore the importance of considering limited English proficiency and subjective cognitive decline when designing interventions and in future research.

This study examines and analyzes the relationship between the technological complexity (KT) and compatibility (KOM), to a continuance to use (CTU) of green and smart port concepts using TAM theory extended. Adding technological complexity and compatibility as an external factor into TAM in terms of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) that affect continuance to use green and smart concepts. This study uses a survey method. It is distributed to owners/operational/invoicing managers of Terminal Teluk Lamong (TTL) Customers (Shipping Company, Forwarding, Trucking Company) in Surabaya, Indonesia. The sampling technique is using Slovin's formula with 304 respondents. The data analysis technique uses SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with SMART PLS 3.0. Both KT and KOM have a significant effect on PU and PEOU. Both PU and PEOU have a significant effect on CTU, and PEOU has a significant effect on PU. This research was conducted at TTL, the only terminal in Indonesia that uses the green and smart port concept. There is no comparison with other terminals in Indonesia on the implementation of the green and smart port concept. Especially for shipping companies, respondents cannot reach owner/principal/shareholders due to Indonesian government policy that international Shipping Companies are not allowed to open branches independently. However, they have to cooperate with local companies (agents). Port Industries (TTL) can develop an appropriate marketing strategy based on this research's results. Technological complexity and compatibility have a significant effect on the continuance to use GSP. Management of TTL has to consider technology and operational systems development with a low-level complexity and according to customer's needs. This research contributes to enrichment and extending TAM theory in terms of green and smart port concept sustainability. Not only affected by PU and PEOU but technological complexity (KT) and Compatibility (KOM) factors are important.

The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to an increase in teleconsultation adoption in the Polish primary health care system. It is expected that in the long run, teleconsultations will successfully replace a significant part of face-to-face visits. Therefore, a significant challenge facing primary health care facilities (PHCs) is the acceptance of teleconsultations by their users, especially physicians. This study aimed to explore physicians' acceptance of teleconsultations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. A representative survey was conducted among 361 physicians of PHCs across Poland in 2021. For the purposes of the study, we developed a modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) model. Based on the modified TAM, we analyzed the impact of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), and intention to use teleconsultation (INT) on physicians' satisfaction (SAT) and quality of work (Q). The psychometric properties of the research instrument were examined using exploratory factor analysis. Finally, structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results indicated a generally high level of PU (mean 3.85-4.36, SD 0.87-1.18), PEU (mean 3.81-4.60, SD 0.60-1.42), INT (mean 3.87-4.22, SD 0.89-1.12), and SAT (mean 3.55-4.13, SD 0.88-1.16); the lowest rated dimension in TAM was Q (mean 3.28-3.73, SD 1.06-1.26). The most important independent variable was PU. The influence of PU on INT (estimate=0.63, critical ratio [CR]=15.84, P<.001) and of PU on SAT (estimate=0.44, CR= 9.53, P<.001) was strong. INT was also a key factor influencing SAT (estimate=0.4, CR=8.57, P<.001). A weaker relationship was noted in the effect of PEU on INT (estimate=0.17, CR=4.31, P<.001). In turn, Q was positively influenced by INT (estimate=0.179, CR=3.64, P<.001), PU (estimate=0.246, CR=4.79, P<.001), PEU (estimate=0.18, CR=4.93, P<.001), and SAT (estimate=0.357, CR=6.97, P<.001). All paths between the constructs (PU, PEU, INT, SAT, and Q) were statistically significant, which highlights the multifaceted nature of the adoption of teleconsultations among physicians. Our findings provide strong empirical support for the hypothesized relationships in TAM. The findings suggest that the PU and PEU of teleconsultation have a significant impact on the intention of physicians to adopt teleconsultation. This results in an improvement in the satisfaction of Polish physicians with the use of teleconsultation and an increase in Q. The study contributes to both theory and practice by identifying important prognostic factors affecting physicians' acceptance of teleconsultation systems.

Purpose: The factors influencing behavioural intention to use (BIU) were examined in this study. DigiLocker, a digital storage platform offered by the Indian government, among individuals in Mangaluru City. This study explored crucial constructs, including Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), self-efficacy (SE), and Social Influence (SI), to ascertain their effects on users' adoption intentions. Design/methodology/approach: A survey-based quantitative methodology encompassing 200 DigiLocker users in Mangaluru was employed. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was utilised to analyse the relationships among PU, PEOU, SE, SI, and BIU within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. Findings: The results show that all four factors PU, PEOU, SE, and SI significantly influenced BIU. PU emerged as the most robust predictor, demonstrating that users valued the platform's perceived benefits. PEOU also significantly impacted BIU, albeit to a lesser extent than PU, suggesting that ease of use is an essential but secondary motivator. SE significantly contributes to BIU, indicating that users' confidence in their digital abilities fosters their adoption. While significant, SI exhibits a moderate influence on BIU, implying that social endorsements are less critical than individual perceptions of utility and usability. Practical implications: The findings indicate that DigiLocker developers and policymakers should prioritise enhancing the platform's practical benefits and user-friendliness to facilitate broader adoption. Furthermore, the provision of support resources could potentially augment user self-efficacy, aligning with the user requirements for competence and confidence in utilising digital platforms. Originality/value: This study contributes to digital adoption literature by examining DigiLocker acceptance in an urban Indian context, providing insights for policymakers regarding the significance of practical benefits over social factors in technology adoption. Type of the paper: Original Article

Investigating the influence of the most commonly used external variables of TAM on students’ Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) of e-portfolios

PurposeUsing data from Vietnam to reveal which factors affected the impressive growth of Vietnam's e-commerce during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, the study proposed a conceptual model in which the influence of COVID-19 information overload (IO) on online purchase intention (OPI) was discovered. The authors were also interested in examining the moderator roles of self-construal (SC), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) in inducing the intention to make an online purchase.FindingsPerceived threat (PT) and cyberchondria (C) played full mediation roles in the impact of IO on OPI. Moreover, PT was found to be a partial mediator of the relationship between IO and C. Furthermore, interdependent self-construal (IntSC) positively moderated the positive effect of IO on PT. Finally, PU and PEOU showed significant moderated moderation effects, in which PU moderated the effects of PT and C on OPI, whereas PU itself was moderated by PEOU.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding the positive effects of IO, C and PT on OPI can be useful for marketers. In addition, managers should improve the ease-of-use and usefulness of online stores/platforms to attract more consumers to online channels.Practical implicationsMarketers and managers should learn more about how to take advantage of IO, PT and C. For instance, to sell medical supplements, marketer should push up related-health information such as obesity, diabetics, to make consumers perceive a threat to their health and search for ways to improve their health condition. This is the time when advertisements for medical supplements bring into play. This method can be applied in many different fields. The key is that marketers should find out what is the threat that their targeted customers can perceive and then spread out a huge amount of relevant information.Social implicationsThe government should control infodemic and guide people to obtain official information. This helps to restrain the PT and C, which seriously harm people's health and affect their behaviors, such as making unusual or panicked purchases. This study also suggests a considerable concern that residents of Asian cultures, where IntSC is dominant, may perceive threat more than residents of Western cultures.Originality/valueLimited research addresses the relationship between PEOU and PU when they act as moderators. Current research not only explains the moderation effect of PU under the influence of PEOU but also suggests that PEOU may be more important than PU in emerging markets due to customers' inexperience in online markets or channels. It also explores the factors that influenced OPI in Vietnam during the COVID-19 outbreak and contributes to the scientific literature on Vietnam, especially in terms of discovering the tendency of SC, which has not been mentioned before in research about Vietnamese.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the user’s acceptance of the Accrual-Based Financial SIMDA by using Technology Acceptance Model 3 adapted approach. The research has 7 variables, namely: Result demonstrability (RES), Computer Playfulness (CPLAY), Perceived Enjoyment (ENJ) , Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Behavioral Intention (BI), and System Usage (USE). This research is a quantitative research held at the Local Government of Brebes. The method of gathering data is survey by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. The research uses proportionate stratified random sampling. A total of 108 questionnaires were distributed in this study, 106 questionnaires could be collected. The result shows that the System Usage (USE) is affected by three variables, namely: Behavioral Intention (BI), Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU). Behavioral Intention (BI) is affected by Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU). Perceived Usefulness (PU) is affected by Result Demonstrability (RES) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU). Meanwhile, Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) is affected by the Computer Playfulness (CPLAY) and Perceived Enjoyment (ENJ). This research expected to provide a solution to the problems related to user acceptance of the Accrual-Based Financial SIMDA and to increase user acceptance.

Technology readiness (TR) is a crucial concept to explain acceptance of an information technology or system by individuals. Based on the prior studies which reported the correlation scores between technology readiness and exogenous variables of technology acceptance model (TAM), we designed a meta-analytic study to attain effect size of TR on perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). We analyzed correlation scores which reported in 44 articles and conference proceedings with Comprehensive Meta Analysis software program. However, different level correlation scores had been recorded in the research papers, so we conducted six distinct meta-analyses in two stages in order to obtain effect size of TR on PU. We carried out different six meta-analyses in two stages to get effect size of TR on PEOU, as well. As a result, we found that random effect models were appropriate for all effect sizes between the variables of all stages. Findings showed that the average effect size of optimism on PU (ṝ = 0.368), of optimism on PEOU (ṝ = −0.386), of innovativeness on PU (ṝ = 0.258), of innovativeness on PEOU (ṝ = 0.328) were found positive and medium level. In addition, average effect size of insecurity on PU (ṝ = −0.070), of insecurity on PEOU (ṝ = −0.096) were found negative but very small level. However, average effect sizes of discomfort on PU, of discomfort on PEOU were found non-significant. Consequently, average effect size of positive TR on PU (ṝ = 0.355) and of positive TR on PEOU (ṝ = 0.414) were found positive and medium level. Nevertheless, average effect size of negative TR on PEOU (ṝ = −0.085) was found negative but very small level, effect size of negative TR on PU was found non-significant.

This study aims to analyze student perception of accounting software skill using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) preparing ASEAN Economic Community (AEC 2015). This study will analyze significant influence between Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) with Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) with Attitude Towards Usage (ATU), PEU with Acceptance of PLA (AoP), PU and ATU with Acceptance of PLA (AoP), AoP with AEC 2015. This study uses survey method with 100 accounting students. The data analyzed using SmartPLS 3.1 statistical software. The results show there is significant influence between PEU with PU, PE with ATU, PU with AOP, AOP with AEC and there isn’t significant influence between PEU with ATU and PEU with AOP. Keywords: TAM, PLA, PEU, PU, ATU, AOP, AEC 2015

Increasing end-user satisfaction (EUS) on mobile-based AIS is influenced by an actual usage (AU). AU increases if Small Medium Enterprise managers feel the perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) of using mobile-based AIS. This study aims to (1) analyze the effect of PEOU and PU on AU, (2) analyze the effect of PEOU and PU on EUS on mobile-based AIS, (3) analyze the effect of AU on EUS on mobile-based AIS, and (4) analyze the effect of PEOU and PU to EUS on mobile-based AIS through AU. The results of this study are (1) PU has a positive effect on AU and PEOU has a negative effect on AU because to improve AU requires a guidebook that is easy to learn and the lack of ability to use system applications make it not easy, (2) PEOU and PU affect EUS on Mobile-based AIS but the most positive and dominant influence on EUS on mobile-based AIS is PU, (3) AU has a positive effect on EUS on mobile-based AIS, and (4) PEOU negatively affects EUS on mobile-based AIS through AU due to the use of AIS based on mobile, which is done repeatedly and for a long time is still unable to mediate PEOU and SME managers feel difficult to use the purchasing and sales system application to produce on time reports.

The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of advancement of technology, competitive pressure, and user expectation on continues digital disruption using perceive ease of use role as a mediator. This study proposed a conceptual framework to investigating the significant factors of the various variables through critical evaluation of associated theoretical models, literature studies, and empirical tests. The proposed conceptual framework examined 292 final samples from targeted populations aged 18 years or older, working with digital technologies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using a positivism research philosophy and explanatory research design. The Survey questionnaires collected were extensively tested for reliability and validity. Empirical data were analyzed using “Exploratory Factor Analysis” (EFA), “Confirmatory Factor Analysis” (CFA), and “Structural Equation Modeling” (SEM) via AMOS 22 software. Research findings indicate that advancement of technology has an insignificant negative impact on continuous digital disruption. User expectation has a positive, negligible effect on digital disruption. However, competitive pressure showed a negative impact on continuous digital disruption. The role of perceived ease of use as a mediator on continuous digital disruption indicated a positively negligible impact. Perceived ease of use role as a mediator on competitive pressure and user expectations showed a positive marginal effect. Lastly, perceived ease of use as a mediator for advancement of technology was negatively insignificant. In conclusion, all the hypotheses proposed were rejected based on these findings, except for hypothesis (H2). The main contribution of this paper was to determine the actual factors contributing to the unceasing digital disruption in organizations and institutions and also identify the correlation between advancement of technology, user expectations, and competitive pressure on continuous digital disruption, using perceive ease of use role as a mediator.

As information technology advances, societal demands increase, and the features and sophistication of smartphones increase along with that, banks must adapt to meet current demands. For Indonesians who are used to using cash, digital banking will be a new digital transformation. There is no information regarding the variables that might influence the behavioural intentions of the Indonesian people in using digital banking services. In particular, among Millennials and Generation Z in Indonesia, this study investigates the relationship between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and trust that influences the intention to use digital banks based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using smartPLS software and data been collected from a survey conducted on 170 individuals from the Millennial and Generation Z demographics. The results of this research analysis show that perceived ease of use and usefulness greatly influence trust in using digital banking services. Perceived usefulness and trust significantly affect interest in using digital banking services compared to perceived ease of use. Therefore, for customers to truly understand the benefits of using digital banking services, improving their perception of the service's usefulness in their daily lives is essential

This study aimed to look over the effect of Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and reference group on usage decisions mediated by Attitude. This study of the population is quantitative in nature, namely Generation Z, which is all e-wallet users. There were 125 samples used in the study, which were analyzed using the PLS-SEM method with the Smart PLS version 4.0 program. This study found the results that Perceived ease of use and reference group have a positive and significant effect on usage decisions, perceived usefulness on Attitude has a positive and significant impact, Perceived ease of use on usage decisions mediated by Attitude has a noteworthy and favorable impact, and reference group on usage decisions mediated by Attitude has a positive and significant impact.

Purpose – This study aims to determine the influence of motivational factors: perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived enjoyment (PEJ) and perceived usefulness (PU) on utilisation of Internet health information resources among resident doctors in tertiary health-care institutions in Nigeria. The Internet has become a major source of health information for practitioners and the general public. Despite the availability of health information resources on the Internet, some resources are underutilised. There are numerous studies on Internet use among health-care workers; however, there is a dearth of information on motivational factors influencing utilisation of Internet health information resources among resident doctors in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive survey design was used. Total enumeration technique was adopted to cover 1,280 resident doctors in 13 tertiary health-care institutions in southwestern Nigeria. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire has four sections covering the demographic profile of the respondents, PEU, PEJ and PU. Four hypotheses were tested at the p &lt; 0.0 1 level of significance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings – There were more males (69.0 per cent) than females (31 per cent); respondents mean age was 34 years. The result revealed that PEU(r = 0.181, p &lt; 0.01), PEJ(r = 0.166, p &lt; 0.01) and PU(r = 0.121, p &lt; 0.01) have significant relationship with utilisation of Internet health information resources by the respondents. Also, PEU, PEJ and PU collectively (F = 15.366, df = 3; 897, p &lt; 0.01) have significant influence on utilisation of Internet health information resources of the respondents. Individually, PEU (B = 0.864, df = 897, t = 3.90, p &lt; 0.01) and PEJ (B = 0.349, df = 897, t = 3.060, p [lt] 0.01) were found to have significant influence on utilisation while PU (B = 0.232, df = 897, t = 1.328, p &gt; 0.01) does not significantly influence the utilisation of Internet health information resource of the respondents. Research limitations/implications – One major implication of this study is that system designers and web content developers should design programs and websites that are compatible with the user’s abilities. Medical librarians have a role to play in providing quality health content that is easy to navigate and pleasurable to use. Both the institutions and the government have a role to play in providing information and communication technology facilities to enable doctors access relevant health information resources easily. Practical implications – Introduction of information literacy training in the residency programme or inclusion as a component of the continuing professional development will enable resident doctors to know relevant online searching tools and search techniques for accessing health information resources which will be useful to their work. This will in turn increase their PU of Internet resources. Health sciences librarians (medical librarians) in the various institutions/centres have a role to play in training resident doctors on how to access, retrieve and evaluate online health information. Librarians should also train resident doctors on how to search evidence-based Medicine resources such as the Cochrane Library and PubMed Clinical Queries and Critical Appraisal of the medical literature to make informed decision in the management of their patients and for research purposes. They should be trained on how to organise bibliographic references using reference manager tools such as Endnote, Zotero or Mendeley. Social implications – The social implication of this findings is that systems that are easy to use should be designed, so that doctors will be able to access relevant information for research and patient care for better health outcomes. The easier and enjoyable the system is to use, the more resident doctors will access and use health information resources to improve their service and save more lives. Originality/value – This study examined three motivational factors (PEU, PEJ and PU) that influence the utilisation of Internet health information resources by resident doctors in tertiary health-care institutions in Nigeria. The result revealed that collectively PEU, PEJ and PU have significant relationship with the utilisation of Internet health information resources, but PEU and PEJ are the main drivers of use of Internet health information resources among the resident doctors studied. This study adds to the literature of motivational factors influencing utilisation of Internet health information resources by resident doctors in southwestern Nigeria. This paper is original because, to the best of our knowledge, there is no other study on motivational factors influencing Internet use among resident doctors in Nigeria.