Abstract
An important consideration when evaluating the impact of harmonics is their effect on power system component and loads. Transformers are major components in power systems. The increased losses due to harmonic distortion can cause excessive losses and hence abnormal temperature rise. The measurement of iron losses and copper losses of single-phase transformers is important in particular for transformers feeding nonlinear loads. In computing of transformer losses, it is assumed that source voltage is sinusoidal and load impedance is linear. This study presents the effects of harmonic distortion of load current and voltage on single-phase transformer losses utilizing the on-line measurements (monitoring) method of the primary side. The transformer is loaded with an SCR speed controller that consists of a single-phase full-bridge rectifier, SCR and a resistant load to generate various total harmonic current and voltage distortions (THDi and THDv) conditions.
Highlights
The usage of nonlinear loads on power systems increasingly creates the awareness of the potential reduction of a transformer’s operational life due to increase heat losses
The additional heating experienced by a transformer depends on the harmonic content of the load current and the design principles of the transformer[1]
The operation of a single phase transformer is considered for sinusoidal power source and nonlinear load only
Summary
The usage of nonlinear loads on power systems increasingly creates the awareness of the potential reduction of a transformer’s operational life due to increase heat losses. The performance analysis of transformers in harmonic environment requires knowledge of the load mix, details of the load current harmonic content and total harmonic distortion (THD). Increases in harmonic distortion component of a transformer will result in additional heating losses, shorter insulation lifetime, higher temperature and insulation stress, reduced power factor, lower productivity, efficiency, capacity and lack of system performance of the plant[3]. A perfect sine wave current or voltage will have a crest factor of 2 or 1.414 and any deviation of this value represents a distorted waveform[4]. The total power factor is called distortion power and results from the harmonic component of the current: PF =.
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