Abstract
Abstract Possible means of reducing atmospheric CO 2 emissions include injecting CO 2 in petroleum reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery or storing CO 2 in deep saline aquifers. Large-scale injection of CO 2 into subsurface reservoirs would induce a complex interplay of multiphase flow, capillary trapping, dissolution, diffusion, convection, and chemical reactions that may have significant impacts on both short-term injection performance and long-term fate of CO 2 storage. Reactive Transport Modeling is a promising approach that can be used to predict the spatial and temporal evolution of injected CO 2 and associated gas-fluid-rock interactions. This presentation will summarize recent advances in reactive transport modeling of CO 2 storage and review key technical issues on (1) the short- and long-term behavior of injected CO 2 in geological formations; (2) the role of reservoir mineral heterogeneity on injection performance and storage security; (3) the effect of gas mixtures (e.g., H 2 S and SO 2 ) on CO 2 storage; and (4) the physical and chemical processes during potential leakage of CO 2 from the primary storage reservoir. Simulation results suggest that CO 2 trapping capacity, rate, and impact on reservoir rocks depend on primary mineral composition and injecting gas mixtures. For example, models predict that the injection of CO 2 alone or co-injection with H 2 S in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs lead to acidified zones and mineral dissolution adjacent to the injection well, and carbonate precipitation and mineral trapping away from the well. Co-injection of CO 2 with H 2 S and in particular with SO 2 causes greater formation alteration and complex sulfur mineral (alunite, anhydrite, and pyrite) trapping, sometimes at a much faster rate than previously thought. The results from Reactive Transport Modeling provide valuable insights for analyzing and assessing the dynamic behaviors of injected CO 2 , identifying and characterizing potential storage sites, and managing injection performance and reducing costs.
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