Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of garlic, oyster mushroom and propolis extract on the growth performance, organ weights, antibody response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), serum lipid concentrations and nutrient digestibility of male broilers. A total of 192 day old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 4 replications (16 birds per replication). Experimental treatments were a maize- soybean based diet as control, control diet supplemented with a combination of garlic (30 g/kg), oyster mushroom (2 g/kg) and propolis extract (0.2 g/kg) known as GMP, and control diet supplemented with Virginamycin (0.25 g/kg) as antibiotic. The inclusion of GMP decreased (p < 0.05) live body weight, average daily gain and feed intake but had no effect on feed conversion ratio when compared to control diet. GMP and antibiotic had no effects on relative weight of organs. Antibiotic decreased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of small intestine segments. GMP decreased total cholesterol but did not affect other serum lipids when compared to control group. Antibiotic increased (p < 0.05) cholesterol concentration in serum. The inclusion of GMP to the diet improved antibody response to NDV when compared to control and antibiotic diets. In conclusion, the results showed that GMP decreased growth performance but improved immunity of broiler chickens. More studies should be performed to confirm the action modes of such combinations.
Highlights
Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in poultry production
Garlic and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder were purchased from local industry (Grandis®1 and Isatis®2, respectively) and propolis extract was prepared using the method of Yaghoubi et al (2007) by some modification
The Effects of a Combination of Garlic, Oyster Mushroom and Propolis Extract in Comparison to Antibiotic on Growth Performance, Some Blood Parameters and Nutrients Digestibility of Male Broilers and high density lipoprotein (HDL) diagnostic kits (Pars Azmoon, Iran) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was calculated by dividing TG by 5
Summary
Antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in poultry production. In recent years, usage of antibiotics as growth promoter in poultry diet has been banned due to concerns about their residues in animal tissues and subsequent induction of emerging antibiotic resistant strains of microorganisms (Roe & Pillai, 2003 and Saleha et al 2009) and the inclusion of antibiotics to animal diet was banned in some parts of the world (Simon, 2006). Researchers are looking for safe alternatives candidates such as natural products and phytobiotics Natural materials such as garlic, mushrooms and propolis have been investigated. Propolis is a resinous substance which worker bees collect from various sources to seal hive grooves and mummify dead invaders (Burdock, 1998) It has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties (Dobrowolski et al 1991and Bankova et al 2000). The beneficial effect of propolis on growth performance and immune response in both broiler (Khojasteh Shalmani & Shivazad, 2006 and Ziaran et al 2005) and layer (Galal et al 2008) have been reported Based on these findings, it can be proposed that the combination of these materials could be of particular benefit and be useful as a substitute for antibiotics. The present study was carried out to study the effects of a combination of garlic, oyster mushroom and propolis extract on the performance and health attributes of broiler chickens
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