The effectivity of edamame extract (Glycine max L. Merrill) as a heat-cured acrylic resin denture cleanser using in vitro toxicity studies

Abstract

Denture cleanser that are used over a long period will produce residue that can be absorbed by the acrylic resin. The hydrophilic acrylic resin can cause denture-cleaning molecules to enter through microporosity which can be toxic to the oral tissue. Plant-based denture cleanser is commonly used one of which is edamame (Glycine Max L. Merrill) extract. Denture cleanser made from edamame extract needs to be tested for toxicity to determine the biocompatibility of the material in the oral cavity, specifically on fibroblast cells. This study aims to determine the toxicity of edamame extract as a denture cleanser for heat-cured acrylic resin, which is soaked for 4 days against BHK-21 fibroblast cells. This 4-day submersion equals 15 minutes of submersion per day for 1 year. The toxicity tests were carried out using the MTT assay method. The results of these MTT tests can be seen from the absorbance values and calculating the percentages of cell viability. The more cells that are still alive, the more intense the purple color produced. The research results showed that the acrylic resin group which was soaked in a 50% concentration of edamame extract was not toxic to fibroblast cells, because the percentage of cell viability had a value of >70%, which was 83.638%. This research concludes that 50% concentration of edamame extract as a denture cleanser for heat-cured acrylic resin is not toxic to BHK-21 fibroblast cells compared to 75% and 100% concentrations of edamame extract.