The Effectiveness of Reading Al-Qur'an Surah Al-A'la on Short Term Memory

Immediate and Delayed Recall of Visually Presented Sentences:

The aim of the research was to assess Relationship between short- term memory (STM) and gender of 18- 20 years. Short term memory is a storage capacity which is extremely small. Memory is very important because cognitive tasks can be completed only with sufficient ability to hold information as it is processed. It’s been observed that the females are considered to have greater short- term memory as compared to men. The ability to store information vary from person to person as STM can stores limited information. The capacity could range from 5 to 9 meaningful items in 18- 20 years. The research was conducted by collecting sample from college students age between 18- 20 years. The data type used in this experiment is interval type. The tools that were used were three lists of 10 meaningful words. Each list was presented to both female and male. This was found when both males and females were presented with 3 lists of meaningful words. The results reflected that females exhibited better short term memory as compared to men. The analysis of the test score was done by t- test. It was used to determine significant difference between the male and female participants in recall probability on the word recall test. After the analysis of data, the alternative hypothesis got accepted and null hypothesis got rejected. The value of paired t test was – 3.789. This indicates that -3.789

The effects of DHEA, 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstane-6,17-dione, and 7-amino-DHEA analogues on short term and long term memory in the mouse

This paper explains prediction of share market trends of organizations using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) incorporated with a simple neural network gives the result of the movement of company's stock prices in the share market. LSTM is used for processing the time-series data. LSTM is a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). In this work, layers of LSTM networks called stacked LSTM is a core component that process the huge volume of time series data. LSTM model works like a human brain because of the power to have a short term and long term memory. During data processing in the training stage, the model keeps a short term memory of the relation between the date and stock prices which is available in the data. It then starts keeping track of the relations from the successive dates and stock prices since the inception of the company. In this stage, the model tries to find a pattern or a trend in the stock price movement. This is kept in the long term memory. As the model processes further data, it finds an accurate pattern in the stock price movement. The exact date or a number of days is given as input and the stock price is given as output from the model

Rapid effects of estrogens on short-term memory: Possible mechanisms

This paper serves as an introduction to an upcoming series in the Journal of Palliative Medicine on research methods in palliative care. The goal of the series is to enable the Journal of Palliative Medicine readership to become more critical readers of the increasingly complex methods used in palliative care research. Our aim is not to provide a “how to” for the use of various research methods (as such an undertaking requires far more than a six-article journal series), but rather to provide information to promote critical evaluation of the research methods currently used to shape and advance our practice. The development of the evidence base for palliative care now encompasses far more than quantitative experimental research methods. Not only are quasi-experimental and observational research methods increasingly utilized, qualitative research methods are providing valuable insights into palliative care. For example, the 2008 annual conference of the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine had more than 150 attendees in the research methods seminars on topics such as observational research and qualitative data analyses and such seminars were ranked among the highest by attendees. As the evidence base for palliative care builds, it is imperative that there be a broad-based understanding of the research methods used to develop this evidence base. We have chosen to focus on research methods outside of experimental methods and the randomized controlled trial (RCT) because alternative methods have become increasingly necessary to study the complex aspects of palliative care delivery. Accordingly, this series will cover the following topics: an introduction to observational and quasi-experimental research methods, the challenges of observational and quasi-experimental research including selection bias and confounding, the rationale for and meaning of analytic techniques such as instrumental variable analysis and hierarchical modeling, meta-analysis, and qualitative research methods.

Background Producing and comprehending language requires maintenance of linguistic units in short term memory (STM). While there is evidence of verbal STM impairments in persons with aphasia (PWA), there are unresolved questions about other aspects of STM in aphasia, particularly the role of input and output modalities on STM performance. This includes the extent to which visual STM abilities are impaired in PWA and if the modality of eliciting responses (verbal versus pointing) influences STM performance. A better understanding of the relationship between STM performance and clinical language assessments of PWA will inform test interpretation. Aims This study investigated three questions about short term memory (STM) performance in post-stroke aphasia: 1) whether visual STM is impaired in PWA given that a common neural network subserves encoding-recall of both verbal and visual STM, 2) whether the response modality (verbal vs pointing) impacts STM score, 3) the relationship between STM and language performance, specifically on the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R). Methods & Procedures Verbal and visuo-spatial performance on a STM battery was compared between 45 PWA and a representative neurotypical sample (N=40). For PWA, individual performance across STM subtasks was examined to identify dissociations and correlated with language performance on the WAB-R. Outcomes & Results PWA scored lower than neurotypical controls on verbal but not visual STM tasks. At the individual level, about one-half of PWA were impaired on the three verbal STM tasks, and one-third had dissociations among the three verbal STM tasks. There was no effect of response modality (verbal versus pointing) on verbal STM performance. There was a strong association between verbal STM and individual subtests of the WAB-R. In general, the relative phonological and semantic demands of the task (e.g. repetition) influenced the association strength with digit recall versus picture recall scores. Conclusions Verbal STM deficits are: 1) more prevalent than visual-spatial STM deficits in PWA, 2) strongly associated with WAB-R performance in a pattern that is consistent with the phonological and semantic demands of the tasks. The clinical implications of this study are that it is crucial to assess STM performance in PWA and examine its potential impact on language assessments. Further, a verbal or pointing response modality can be used for STM measurement without negatively impacting the score (unless there are clear motoric contra-indications). This study provides performance data for a set of aphasia-friendly STM tasks that can serve as future reference.

Modulation of short term and long term memory by steroid sexual hormones.

Acoustic confusion in long term memory

FIGURE 1. The Atkinson and Shiffrin Model of memory is diagramed in the gray panel. Sensory information is perceived and suppressed via selective attention processes, then briefly held in the limited-capacity modality-specific sensory register. Information enhanced by selective attention enters into short term memory (STM). The process of rehearsal (maintenance) can sustain information in STM. Information in STM is automatically encoded (stored, consolidated) into long term memory (LTM). Although flawed, this model continues to provide a simple and easy approach to understanding memory. Assumptions that proved to be inconsistent with research included that any information in STM will transfer to LTM and that STM is required

Memory is considered as an important cognitive domain found to be important in our daily-walks of life. Short term and long term memory are considered as the main variants under memory. The information in short term memory is prone to be transferred to the long term memory through attention, practice, rehearsal. The current study aims to investigate the effect of modality on transfer of linguistic stimuli from short to long term memory. 20 neuro-typical Tamil speaking participants were recruited for the study. The participants were divided into two groups based on random sampling. Auditory task was administered on the first group where the participants were presented with sentences and were asked to remember the key/content word. While auditory plus visual task was administered on the second group of participants. Recall of key/content words was tested at the level of immediate and delayed recall conditions. On immediate recall condition, there was no difference between the two groups but on delayed recall condition, modality of stimulus presentation had a significant role as the group presented with auditory stimulus performed well compared to the group presented with auditory plus visual modalities

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of cognitive capabilities and flowing intelligence on mathematical proficiency of pre-school students, shortly before attending elementary school. Eighty kindergarten students participated in the survey. Student performance was assessed in terms of short term memory (auditory and verbal short-term memory, visual short-term, semantic and non-semantic memory), working auditory and visual memory, visual long-term memory, fluid intelligence and math performance. Based on the results, there was a strong positive correlation (,777) between verbal working memory and mathematical performance. Moderate positive correlation between mathematical performance and short-term memory, visual spatial working memory, visual long-term memory and fluid intelligence was also found. To identify which factors have predictive value for mathematical competence, regression analysis was used. It has been found that verbal working memory is an important factor in explaining mathematical competence. Combined with long-term visual spatial working memory, they can more accurately predict the level of mathematical performance. The results show that verbal working memory is the best predictor of mathematical performance. Visual long-term memory follows, and finally visual spatial working memory seems to have the lowest impact on a student’s mathematical performance. Article visualizations:

This study was conducted to examine the effects of saffron hydro-alcoholic extract on learning and memory function in mice model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study 20 ovariectomized mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 following groups: healthy control (Distilled water), AD control (D-galactose and NaNO2 solution [1]), AD prevention (saffron extract with D-galactose and NaNO2 solution), and AD treatment (saffron extract 15 consecutive days following AD induction). All injections were administered intraperitoneally (IP) for 60 consecutive days. The cognitive functions were examined using " one way active avoidance learning and memory" test in a shuttle box apparatus [2] and the mean number of shock free trials (M.Sh.F.T.) was considered as an index for learning (1 day after the treatments), short term memory (one week after training) and long term memory (one month after training). M.Sh.F.T. for healthy control, AD control, AD prevention and AD treatment groups was 13.93±0.8667, 1.933±1.235, 9.000±2.200, 17.47±3.459, respectively in learning, 18.47±1.733, 1.933±0.5207, 11.93±1.733, 20.00±0.5292, respectively in short term memory and 19.07±2.210, 3.667±0.9684, 13.53±0.5207, 27.80±0.1155, respectively in long term memory. In all 3 sets of experiments (learning, short and long term memory), M.Sh.F.T. in AD control group was significantly less than all other groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between AD treatment and healthy control groups (p>0.05). Our findings indicate that saffron hydro-alcoholic extract prevents the induction of AD and improves the learning ability and memory recall in AD mice model.

A distributed connectionist model of spiking neurons (INFERNET) is used to simulate various aspects of Short Term Memory. In INFERNET, short term memory is the transient activation of long term memory elements. This single store model has a human-like performance in short term memory span tasks, but also displays serial position effects, similarity effects, and double dissociation between short and long term memory which are considered as the main psychological arguments in favor of the multiple-store model.

Background: To assess efficacy of mind mapping technique in lecture classes versus traditional didactic lectures on immediate and long-term memory. Materials & Method: 150 First MBBS students, randomized into two groups (75 each), by simple random technique (odd roll number-group 1, even roll number-group 2). Study group (Mind mapping group) Control Group (didactic lecture /non mind mapping group).Batches reversed for another topic to address ethical issues.MCQ test was taken after class for short term memory, after a month for long term memory. Results: Descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t test and independent t test) was used to compare the data. P value of Mind Mapping group when compared to Non Mind Mapping group in terms of both short term and long term memory was highly significant (p< 0.0001) for both topic 1 and 2. P value was not statistically significant when short term and long term memory of mind mapping group was compared. But highly significant p value (p< 0.0001) was observed when short term and long term memory of Non Mind Mapping group was compared. Conclusion: The performance of Mind Map Group is better than the Non Mind Map Group both in terms of short term and long term memory. Mind mapping used as a pedagogical tool can improve the academic scores of students.