Abstract
BackgroundAttention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity. Studies have shown deficiencies in the serum level of magnesium and vitamin D in people with ADHD. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on mental health in children with ADHD.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 66 children with ADHD. Participants were randomly allocated to receive both vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) plus magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) supplements (n = 33) or placebos (n = 33) for 8-weeks. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire was used to evaluate children’s mental health at baseline and the end of the study.ResultsAfter eight weeks of intervention, the serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and magnesium increased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group. Also, children receiving vitamin D plus magnesium showed a significant reduction in emotional problems (p = 0.001), conduct problems (p = 0.002), peer problems (p = 0.001), prosocial score (p = 0.007), total difficulties (p = 0.001), externalizing score (p = 0.001), and internalizing score (p = 0.001) compared with children treated with the placebo.ConclusionVitamin D (50,000 IU/week) and magnesium (6 mg/kg/day) co-supplementation for a duration of 8-weeks could improve the behavioral function and mental health of children with ADHD. However, further well-designed studies with a larger sample size are needed.Trial registrationIRCT2016030326886N1.
Highlights
Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity
Children aged between 6 and 12 years old, with a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 less than 30 ng/dL [26], a diagnosis of ADHD based on the presence of at least 6 out of 9 cases of inattention and at least 6 out of 9 cases of hyperactivity based on DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition), and serum magnesium levels less than 2.3 mg/ dL [27], and provided consent to participate in the study were included in the study
After the 8-week intervention, the serum levels of 25-OH-vitamin D and magnesium significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (Fig. 2 & 3)
Summary
Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity. Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by varying severity in attention deficit and hyperactivity and is related to neurodevelopmental disorders. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in children with low academic and social development, learning disabilities, social dysfunction, low selfesteem, and impaired emotion regulation. Many of these symptoms persist from childhood and into adulthood, leading to a decreased quality of life [2,3,4]. A genetic factor related to dopaminergic genotypes exposed to environmental factors, such as maternal smoking before birth, increases the risk of ADHD in children [8]
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