Abstract
Pro-inflammatory adipokines have a multifunctional role in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of running a 100 km ultra-marathon on serum levels of two adipokines: resistin and chemerin. Fifteen male participants complete a medical questionnaire and their body composition is assessed. Serum resistin, chemerin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, and lactate levels are measured at baseline and post-race. During-race data on fluid and food consumption and energy expenditure are calculated. There is a higher (p < 0.001) post-race concentration of resistin and hs-CRP compared with resting values, with no change in chemerin levels. There is an inverse correlation of the change in resistin levels with post-run glucose values (r = 0.742, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between changes in hs-CRP and energy expenditure (r = 0.782, p < 0.001). The present results show the impact of running an ultra-marathon on serum levels of pro-inflammatory markers released by adipose tissue. It is difficult to establish whether these results may be due to the stress of exercise, high energy expenditure or caloric deficit. However, we suggest that an addition of resistin to traditional pro-inflammatory markers (including CRP) may improve the assessment of inflammation in conditions of high-energy expenditure.
Highlights
Adipose tissue produces multiple cytokines, including pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory factors, which may modulate inflammatory processes, insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, and atherosclerosis [1]
Added to well-known adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, resistin and chemerin may be of interest to researchers and, after establishing reference values, for clinicians due to their multifunctional role in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation [2,3,4,5,6]
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of continuous, prolonged, moderate-intensity running exercise, such as running a 100 km ultra-marathon, and acute energy deficit on serum levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines: resistin and chemerin
Summary
Adipose tissue produces multiple cytokines, including pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory factors, which may modulate inflammatory processes, insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, and atherosclerosis [1]. Added to well-known adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, resistin and chemerin may be of interest to researchers and, after establishing reference values, for clinicians due to their multifunctional role in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation [2,3,4,5,6]. Resistin is a 12.5 kDa cysteine-rich protein up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation and down-regulated in mature adipocytes. Human resistin consists of 108 amino acids and is a disulfide-linked homodimer circulating in blood as a dimeric protein of two 92-amino-acid polypeptides. Resistin can dimerize as heterodimers, through a disulfide bond. Its production is regulated by various factors, depending on cell type. It is synthesized in adipose tissue, and in
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