Abstract

espanolEn este articulo se lleva a cabo una estimacion del efecto de los aranceles sobre las exportaciones de bienes espanolas. El notable incremento del grado de apertura de la economia espanola ha aumentado su crecimiento potencial, aunque tambien supone una mayor exposicion al giro proteccionista acaecido en los ultimos anos. Con la finalidad de evaluar la elasticidad de las exportaciones nominales ante variaciones arancelarias, se construye una base de datos anual con desagregacion por productos a 6 digitos que contiene informacion procedente de WITS sobre aranceles soportados por los productos espanoles en cada pais entre 1995-2019 y de exportaciones de bienes extracomunitarias publicadas por Eurostat. Los resultados muestran que un incremento de los aranceles afecta negativamente tanto a las posibilidades de exportacion como, de manera persistente, a los valores exportados. De acuerdo con las estimaciones realizadas, un aumento del 1% de los aranceles a la importacion impuestos por otro pais para un producto espanol implica una caida de la probabilidad de exportar a ese mercado de 0,08 puntos porcentuales y una reduccion de las exportaciones nominales de alrededor del 1%. EnglishThis paper investigates the impact of trade protectionism in the form of tariff barriers on Spanish goods exports. The Spanish economy has signicantly increased its degree of openness, which improves potential economic growth, but also implies a higher exposure to the protectionist shift in the international environment observed in the last years. With the purpose of assessing exports sensitivity to tariff increases, we obtain a database combining annual tariffs applied to Spanish products over the years 1995- 2019 from WITS and bilateral extra-EU Spanish goods exports from Eurostat, with a product disaggregation level at 6 digits. We estimate the effect of tariffs both on exporting probability (i.e. exports extensive margin) through a linear probability model and exports levels (i.e. exports intensive margin) through a gravity equation. The findings of this paper show that higher tariffs reduce exports levels through extensive an intensive margins. A 1% tariff increase reduces on average the probability of exporting to aspecic market by nearly 0.08 pp. and exported values by around 1%

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