Abstract
Abstract Combinations of a low tensile strain and annealing temperature have been successfully processed to double the fraction of special boundaries, Σ sp , in commercially pure (C.P.) nickel. Processing sequence of one step of 6% strain followed by a 900 ° C anneal for 10 min, has resulted a special boundary fraction (3 ≤ Σ ≤ 29) of 74.7%, compared to the as-received material of 36.5%. A large proportion of this increased in special boundaries were found to be made up of annealing twins Σ 3 and its twin variants Σ 3 n . Deformation applied to the sample alone without heat treatment, caused the fraction of special boundaries, to decrease, the Σ sp value falling, for example to 25.6% at 12% strain. Energy minimization processes such as grain boundary migration and grain growth were suggested as means of enhancing the formation of annealing twins.
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