Abstract
Titanium is widely used in biomedical applications from many years for its interesting properties, nevertheless there are a large number of researchers studying the way to improve the performances of biomedical devices. A large number of papers concern the study of “commercially pure titanium” (Ti CP) but, very often, no details are indicated regarding: 1) the type of Ti CP used; 2) the sandblasting process; and 3) the analytic evaluation of surface topography. In this paper, the effect of sandblasting duration (1, 2, 4, 8 min) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, as well as their combined or synergic effect, on the surface topography of CP grade 2 and grade 4, have been investigated. Results obtained show that sandblasting treatment duration should be different for Ti CP grade 2 and Ti CP grade 4 to achieve similar topography. The shape of the surface is highly modified after acid etching. The latter produces “peaks” when applied to not sand- blasted coupons, whilst cuts the “top of the peaks” in the sandblasted samples. Further we confirm that, the roughness parameter Ra (or Sa), is not sufficient to describe “the surface status” and we propose to use additional para- meters like: Sq, Sku and Ssk, to unequivocally describe surface topography of implants as well as well defined test procedures.
Highlights
Titanium and titanium alloys are used in biomedical applications in a wide range of functions from orthopedic and dental prosthesis to cardiac valves
Bagno [9] has reviewed the effect of various blasting treatments on samples made in Ti and Ti6Al4V. He shows a lot of interesting data on several Ti alloys blasted using carborundum, TiO2, Al2O3 and so on, as far as several experimental data are reported on acid etching of Ti, but shows no data about the type of commercially pure titanium used and there is no evidence type of the roughness distribution
To contribute to solve this problem, in this paper, we focus our attention on the effect of sandblasting and/or hydrofluoridric acid treatment, conducted in welldefined conditions, of Ti grade 2 and Ti grade 4 and we propose to use some well defined treatment procedures as well as the utilization of the mentioned surface roughness parameters
Summary
Titanium and titanium alloys are used in biomedical applications in a wide range of functions from orthopedic and dental prosthesis to cardiac valves. Bagno [9] has reviewed the effect of various blasting treatments on samples made in Ti and Ti6Al4V He shows a lot of interesting data on several Ti alloys blasted using carborundum, TiO2, Al2O3 and so on, as far as several experimental data are reported on acid etching of Ti, but shows no data about the type of commercially pure titanium used and there is no evidence type of the roughness distribution. These are just a few examples of a much larger series
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