Abstract
This research work was to investigate the effect of plantain peels of various concentrations to induce the bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd in <i>Echinochloa colona</i> planted in heavy metal contaminated soil. Two (2) kilograms of homogenous heavy metal contaminated soil composite was weighed into polythene bags arranged in 4 batches (1, 2, 3, 4) alongside uncontaminated soil (batch 5) of 12 replications each. Then 100g, 200g and 300g of the powdered ripe plantain peels (waste) was added as amendment into batches 1, 2, 3, respectively, and batches 4 and 5 were without plantain peel (0g) addition designated as control and double control respectively. Two seedlings of <i>Echinochloa colona</i> was transplanted from the nursery into all the batches. The plant and soil samples were analyzed at two month interval for Cd and Pb contents using anatomical absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The accumulation of Pb was higher in plants than in soil with Bioaccumulation factor > 1 in 200g and 300g plantain peel treated soil. Also 300g plantain peels treated soil had greater Cd concentration in shoot than root with (translocation factor (TF) > 1) at month 2 and 4, while the Bioaccumulation factor > 1 was observed in all treatments at 2 and 4 month for Cd. Therefore, 300g plantain peels treatment is effective in enhancing the availability, mobility and uptake of Cd. This indicated that 300g plantain peel (waste) is effective in the remediation of Cd polluted soil using <i>Echinochloa colona</i> as a remediating agent.
Highlights
Rapid industrialization and increasing human population have been spotted as the main cause of environmental degradation on a global scale
This study showed that plants can accumulate a wide range of metals from soil
It was observed that treatment increased the availability of mobility of Pb and Cd. This observation is true since the increase in Pb and Cd availability was observed at 100g plantain peels treatment
Summary
Rapid industrialization and increasing human population have been spotted as the main cause of environmental degradation on a global scale. Contaminations from areas such as mining and smelting of metalliferous ores, scrap metal dump, electroplating, gas exhaust, fuel production and waste generated from municipal waste contain heavy metals. Phytoremediation which involve the use of plants to remove metal and other contaminants from the environment is available option for heavy metal pollution remediation. Among the various processes of phytoremediation methods available and practiced; phytoextraction is the most suitable because it involves plant roots removing metals from contaminated soils and transporting them to leaves and stems for harvest and disposal without destroying the soil structure and
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