The effect of phosphorus utilization efficiency on durum wheat cultivars under semi-arid environmental conditions

Abstract

Faced with the high cost of phosphate fertilisers in several African countries, including Algeria, and in order to better select varieties according to their fertiliser use efficiency, this study was proposed. The goal of the study was to determine how “variety” impacts durum wheat's capacity to utilize phosphorus effectively and to try to pinpoint the agro-morphological factors that contribute to this efficiency so that they can be taken into consideration when choosing which varieties to sow in semi-arid environments. The experimental setup consisted of a split plot with two investigated factors and three repetitions, with the main plot receiving the phosphate treatment while the sub plot receives the variety. The trial set up consisted of 11 durum wheat varieties, which were cultivated over two years successively. The PUE of the fertiliser, provided in 46% triple superphosphate (TSP) granules, and agro-morphological parameters like aerial biomass, plant height, grain yield and yield components were determined. The findings demonstrated that triple superphosphate, a type of phosphorus fertilizer, increases grain yield by between 40 and 60% for all varieties examined as compared to the phosphorus-free control at the average dose employed in this field trial, or 20 kg P2O5.ha-1. This increase in yield is due to an increase: from 20 to 22% in the number of ears per m², 41.5% in the number of grains per ear, and 9% in the average weight of the grain. The PUE is strongly correlated to the yield components (Number of ears per square meter- NEM, Number of grains per ear- NGE, thousand grain weight- TGW and Yield) but also to the height at heading (r=0.86) and dry matter (r=0.85). Phosphorus use efficiency is also strongly correlated to flag leaf length and width as well as leaf area. Also, that genotypes with higher weight of thousand grains (WTG) showed better use of available phosphorus. The principal component analysis (PCA) confirms that the efficiency of phosphorus use by the varieties tested explains a large portion of the variation noted in these varieties. This genetic variation in PUE was associated with plant height and phosphorus content of the sown grains. These results could be of a significant impact in improving rainfed durum wheat productivity in semi-arid areas and preserving the environment as well. Key words: Durum wheat, Phosphorus use efficiency, Plant’s height, Genetic variation, Fertilizers’ reduction