Abstract
A field experiment is carried out in a private farmer's farm located in AL-Qadisiyah/ Diwaniyah/ Daghara/ Sadr Al-Daghara area to study the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on dissolved potassium values inside and outside Zea maize rhizosphere. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) is designed in three replicates with two factors: the first is factor with four levels of potassium sulphate which are (0, 75, 150, 225) kg K. ha-1 symbolized by the symbols (K0, K1, K2, K3) respectively, and the second factor with four levels of organic matter (poultry residues) which are (0, 10, 20, 30) tons. ha-1 symbolized by the symbols (O0, O1, O2, O3) respectively. The seeds of Zea maize (Zea mays L.) are cultivated in the form of lines (DKC 6120) 20/7/2016. The results show that the addition of potassium sulphate in different levels has achieved a significant increase in the amount of soluble potassium inside and outside the soil of the root zone and for all time periods (40,70,100) days of planting and the mineral fertilizer has exceeded the organic fertilizer in increasing the amount of soluble potassium and the interaction between the highest level of potassium fertilizer 225 kg k. ha-1 and the highest level of organic fertilizer 30 tons. ha-1 (K3O3) achieves the highest amount of soluble potassium within the root zone which amounted to (0.131,0.163) cmol.kg soil-1 respectively, and (0.179,0.167) cmol.kg soil-1 outside the root zone respectively for the periods (40,70) days of planting respectively, while after 100 days of planting the interaction (K2O3) achieved the highest amount of soluble potassium which is amounted to 0.114 cmol.kg soil-1 inside the root zone and the interaction (K3O3) achieves the highest amount of soluble potassium which is amounted to 0.159 cmol.kg soil-1 outside the root zone and a decrease in the amount of soluble potassium in all treatments is noticed with the increase of plant growth time. .
Highlights
The organic material includes plant and animal residues as well as microorganisms in the soil
The experiment was designed according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), which included two factors: the first factor with four levels of potassium sulphate which are (0, 75, 150, 225) kg K. ha-1 symbolized by the symbols (K0, K1, K2, K3) Respectively, and the second factor with four levels of organic matter by mixing it with the soil surface which are (0, 10, 20, 30) tons. ha-1 symbolized by the symbols (O0, O1, O2, O3) Respectively. and table (2) show some characteristics of organic fertilizer
Soluble potassium The amount of dissolved potassium in the soil before planting was 0.075 Cmol.Kg-1 and this value represents 0.2% of the total potassium, which amounted to 36.289 Cmol.Kg-1 Table (6) and this is close to what (17)(10) found
Summary
The organic material includes plant and animal residues as well as microorganisms in the soil. These substances are degraded by microorganisms when the appropriate conditions of heat, humidity and ventilation are available to produce Bio-chemical materials such as sugars, carbohydrates, organic and amino acids, oils and pigments in addition to gases and these materials are called the non-humus materials. While the remaining dry matter is composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and a small amount of sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. These elements exist in small amounts but they are
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