THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM PRODUCTIVITY ON THE GROSS REGIONAL DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

This research aims to analyze the influence of population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and education on poverty levels in regency and cities in NTT Province. This research uses secondary data from the NTT Provincial Central Statistics Agency for 2017–2023. Using panel data regression analysis, namely an analysis method that combines cross-sectional and time series data, is used in this research. Based on the panel data regression results, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), which is the best model in this research, was selected and evaluated using Eviews-12 software. The research results show that Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and education are able to reduce poverty levels significantly. However, the population in NTT Province has no significant influence on the poverty level in cities and regency in NTT Province. The poverty level in regency and cities in NTT Province is influenced by the following factors: population, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), and education. The policy implications of controlling population growth, increasing gross regional domestic product, creating employment opportunities, educational scholarships.

Islamic banking has an important role in stimulating the economy because of the intermediaryfunction performed. Improved economy is reflected in the value of the Gross Regional DomesticProduct (GRDP) of an area / region. Distribution of funding performed Islamic banking is givenbased on the purpose and use of the funds are classified into financing for working capital,investment and consumption. This research was to determine (1) the effect of the growth ofworking capital financing (MK), investment (I), and consumption in Islamic commercial bankingon growth GRDP West Kalimantan. (2) Determine which variables are the most dominantinfluence on GRDP growth in West Kalimantan. Sources of data working capital financing,investment and consumption of Islamic banking statistics obtained from Bank Indonesia whilethe GRDP data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Kalimantan. The analyticalmethods used were multiple linear regression with a significance level of 0.05. The results of thisresearch indicate that (1) the growth of working capital financing, investment and consumptionin Islamic commercial banking simultaneously the effect on the GRDP growth in WestKalimantan. Partially, on the financing of investment and consumption variables there aresignificant positive effect on GRDP growth West Kalimantan. However, variable financing forworking capital of individual negative and not significant. 2) The most dominant variable effecton the GRDP growth is financing consumption, followed by financing investment and workingcapital. The value of the coefficient of determination Adjusted R2 of 0.489, it means that thefinancing of working capital, investment, and consumption of Islamic commercial banking affectGRDP growth of 48.9 percent. While the rest influenced by other variables not included in thisstudy.

This study aims to determine the contributions and and analize the leading sectors and changes of economics structure which can be used as information of economics development in undeveloped regions in West Kalimantan. The results show that agricultures, forestries and fisheries sectors are the economics sectors with the highest average contribution rates for all underdeveloped regions in Kalimantan Barat Province; while electricity and gas procurement sectors become economics sectors with the smallest contribution average in the formation of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of all underdeveloped regions. The real estates sector and the health services sector and social activities are the leading sectors as well as the agricultures, forestries and fisheries sectors and the mining and quarrying sectors into potential sectors to be developed into the leading sectors in disadvantaged areas. This study also shows that there has been a structural transformation of the economy from the primary sector to the tertiary and secondary sectors marked by the decline in the role of the primary sector and the increasing role of the tertiary and secondary sectors to the formation of GRDP and the absorption of manpower in all the underdeveloped regions in West Kalimantan Province.

Indonesia is number one palm oil producer worldwide. Oil palm development is important for Indonesia’s economy. However, it has some issues regarding economic and environmental performance should be considered. This paper examines the relation of economic and environmental sides of oil palm development in Indonesia. It revealed the relation of gross regional domestic product (GRDP), unemployment rate, environmental quality index and oil palm plantation and oil palm production. This study utilises panel data regression analysis using time dimension 2007 to 2017 in Indonesia. This paper uses two independent variables, oil palm plantation and oil palm production. It has three dependent variables as follows: gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita, unemployment rate and environmental quality index. Furthermore, it seems that oil palm plantation has insignificant correlation to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita. However, oil palm production has negatively correlated to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita. Additionally, both oil palm plantation and oil palm production have negative relationship with unemployment rate. It means that for every increasing of oil palm plantation and oil palm production will decrease unemployment rate. The results for the relation between oil palm plantation and oil palm production with environmental quality index is quiet similar. There is no significant relation between those variables.

This research aims to determine the influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Open Unemployment Rate (OUR) on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), which includes data from each of the 15 districts/cities in Lampung Province. The research method employed is quantitative. The data was analyzed using panel data regression method by combining the data of the 15 districts/cities in Lampung Province along with GRDP, OUR, and HDI data from 2017 to 2021. The t-test results indicate that Gross Regional Domestic Product has a positive and significant impact on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant impact on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The f-test results show that both Gross Regional Domestic Product and Open Unemployment Rate have an impact on the Human Development Index in Lampung Province for the years 2017-2021. The panel data regression results indicate that the city of Mesuji has the highest constant at -57.34%. Additionally, the coefficient of determination (R2) in this study is 97%, meaning that the variables of Gross Regional Domestic Product and Open Unemployment Rate collectively explain 97% of the variation in the Human Development Index, while the remaining 3% is influenced by other variables.

Indonesia's infrastructure, especially in Sumatra, is considered inadequate to support the strength of the Indonesian economy in facing free market competition in the global era, lack of accessibility to reach remote areas so that the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) value in the region has a fairly small value. The study aims to determine the effect of road infrastructure, health facilities, educational facilities, water infrastructure, and electricity infrastructure on the level of gross regional domestic product (GRDP) in Sumatra, for the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of road length infrastructure, health facilities, educational facilities, clean water distribution and electricity partially on gross regional domestic product. This study uses a panel data model with the selected model, namely the Random Effect Model (REM). This study focuses on all provinces in Sumatra, namely 10 provinces in 2019-2023. The results of this study have a simultaneous effect where the relationship with the independent variables is Road Length Infrastructure (X1), Health Facilities (X2), Educational Facilities (X3), Clean Water Distribution (X4) and Electricity (X5) against the dependent variable, namely Gross Regional Domestic Product (Y). Then, the test results for each dependent variable on the variables of Road Length (X1), Health Facilities (X2), Education Facilities (X3), and Electricity (X5) significantly influenced Gross Regional Domestic Product (Y), while the test of Clean Water Distribution (X4) on Gross Regional Domestic Product (Y) did not have a significant effect. This is thought to be due to the uneven distribution of Clean Water Distribution facilities or infrastructure in Sumatra.

Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang masih terus berupaya meningkatkan produktifitas ekonominya. Pendidikan dan kesehatan merupakan sektor penting yang sangat menjadi perhatian oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat kesehatan dan tingkat pendidikan penduduk Indonesia terhadap tingkat produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) atas dasar harga konstan 2010 di Indonesia dalam periode 2010-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi data panel dengan model random effect. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa tingkat tingkat pendidikan yang diukur dengan Rata-rata Lama Sekolah (RLS) dan Angka Melek Huruf (AMH), serta Angka Harapan Hidup (AHH) memengaruhi Produk Domestik Regional Bruto per Kapita secara simultan. Secara terpisah (parsial), Angka Melek Huruf berkorelasi negatif namun tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto per Kapita, sedangkan Rata-rata Lama Sekolah dan Angka Harapan Hidup memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan berbanding lurus terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto per Kapita. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, pemerintah dapat meningkatkan fokus pada keberlangsungan pendidikan penduduk Indonesia agar dapat menempuh studi dalam jangka waktu yang lebih optimal, serta pemerintah juga diharapkan untuk lebih fokus terhadap kesehatan penduduknya agar mampu meningkatkan nilai dari barang dan jasa yang diproduksi oleh penduduk Indonesia ke depannya terutama saat Indonesia akan mendapatkan kesempatan bonus demografi penduduk usia mudanya.

Residents' activities will always use the land as a place to carry out activities which will affect the GRDP value. This study uses data on the GRDP values of Lampung Province in 2014–2021 obtained from BPS Lampung Province and uses land cover area data obtained from the classification results of Landsat 8 imagery for 2014–2021. The data analysis technique used in this study is correlation analysis and linear regression using panel data. The results of the correlation analysis found that the value of GRDP in total, GRDP in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors, GRDP in the processing industry sector, and GRDP in the construction sector all correlated with built-up land cover, for GRDP in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors, in addition to correlation with built-up land cover as well correlated with paddy field cover, and pond land. GRDP values that correlated with the land cover area were carried out by a linear regression analysis of panel data. The results of panel data linear regression calculations show that changes in the area of built-up land cover in Lampung Province do not affect the total value of GRDP, but the built-up land cover has a negative effect on GRDP in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors and a positive effect on GRDP in the processing industry sector and GRDP in the construction sector. The area covered by paddy fields and ponds has a positive effect on GRDP in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors.
 Keywords: Land Cover, GRDP, Panel Data Linear Regression, Correlation

Economic growth can also be interpreted as a process of continuous change towards better conditions in a country/region. The rate of economic growth in the province of North Sumatra has increased. The increase in economic growth is indicated by the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the investment workforce, employment in the agricultural sector on the Gross Regional Domestic Product of North Sumatra Province. This study uses Time Series data with a time span of 2000-2020. Parameters are estimated using the 2 SLS (Two Stage Least Squares) method. Data processing using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Program version 9.2. The results of the study explain that (1) the population of North Sumatra is increased by 10 units, it will encourage an increase in the North Sumatran Workforce by 1.84 units per year. An increase in the number of employed by 10 units will increase the labor force in the agricultural sector by 4.4 units, an increase in labor absorption by 10 units has an impact on increasing the labor force by 2.9 units per year, and if the labor force in the agricultural sector last year increased by 10 units, it will increase the labor force in the sector. agriculture by 2.0 units, (2) North Sumatra Regional minimum wage is increased by 10 units it will encourage a decrease in labor absorption by 8.0 units per year. An increase in investment in the agricultural sector by 10 units will have an impact on increasing employment by 0.031 units. An increase in the number of undergraduate education by 10 units has an impact on increasing labor absorption by 19.7 units, for last year's employment in the agricultural sector by 10 units, it will result in an increase in employment in the agricultural sector by 0.3 units, (3) If interest rates are increased by 10 units will reduce investment in the agricultural sector by 9.3197 units. An increase in inflation of 10 units has an impact on an increase in investment of 2,640,178 units per year. An increase in Gross Regional Domestic Product in the agricultural sector by 10 units will have an impact on an increase in investment in the agricultural sector by 160.58 units per year, an increase in the total number of employees working over 15 years of age by 10 units, it will have an impact on an increase in investment in the agricultural sector by 35.96 units, and an increase in investment. last year by 10 units will have an impact on increasing investment by 1.5 units. (4) local taxes are increased by 10 units, it will increase the gross regional domestic product of the agricultural sector by 203.5407 units. The increase in domestic investors by 10 units has an impact on the increase in gross regional domestic product in the agricultural sector of North Sumatra by 0.19 units per year. An increase in foreign investors by 10 units will have an impact on an increase in gross regional domestic product in the agricultural sector by 0.82 units per year. will increase the Gross Regional Domestic Product of the agricultural sector by 6.0 units.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) around the world are considered an important segment of any economy. The pandemic that has had an impact on the economic sector has also had an impact on the MSME sector. Economic growth in the regions can be seen from the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). MSMEs are East Java GRDP boosters. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in East Java after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The data analyzed in this study is time series data from the 2016-2020 period obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the MSME Cooperative Office, East Java Province. Data analysis in the study used SPSS 26 for windows. The tests used are the Normality Test and Simple Linear Regression Test. The results obtained in this study are that the number of MSMEs has increased every year, but in 2020 the number of MSMEs decreased from the previous year, namely 1,316,400,000,000.00. The GRDP of East Java Province in 2016-2020 based on constant prices showed a significant increase, but in 2020 the GRDP of East Java Province experienced a contraction compared to the previous year, which was 2,299,460,000,000.00. The results of the Classical Normality Assumption Test show that the processed data is normally distributed. The test results show the sig. (2-tailed) at 0.200 means the sig value > 0.05. The direction of influence of MSMEs on GRDP is positive. The t-test shows the value of t-count > t-table. So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of MSMEs on the GRDP of East Java Province in 2016-2020 of 100%

Human development cannot run properly without macro and microeconomic factors. The government's role is very important because it can regulate the flow of the economy so that, in the end, it can meet human material and non-material needs and achieve maslahah. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP), poverty rate, unemployment rate, economic function, health, and education on the Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) in several provinces in Indonesia. The methodology used is quantitative, with secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Ministry of Finance for 2010–2021. Data analysis method using Panel Data Regression with Random Effect Model (REM). The results of this study indicate that simultaneously the variables Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP), poverty rate, unemployment rate, economic, health, and education functions have a significant effect on the Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) in all research areas. At the same time, each variable has an influence on I-HDI except for the poverty rate and economic function. Based on these results, we provide alternative proxies to develop I-HDI and urge national and international databases and independent international Muslim organizations to start publishing proposed I-HDI for all Muslim-majority countries every year. As such, it will provide an opportunity to monitor human development across countries over time, and the I-HDI model can be improved over time. Keywords: Maqashid Syariah, Pandemic, Islamic Human Development Index, Human Development JEL: I31, O15, P46

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Regional Original Income (ROI), Domestic Investment (DI) and Education Budget on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Poverty, both partially and simultaneously. The data used is secondary data in the form of combined panel data from 12 regencies/cities in West Kalimantan Province in 2015-2020 which originate from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Regional Education Balance. This data is analyzed using path analysis (path analysis). The results showed that ROI had a positive and significant effect on GRDP, DI had a positive and significant effect on GRDP, the education budget had a positive but not significant effect on GRDP. ROI and DI have a negative and insignificant effect on the poverty rate, while the education budget has a negative and significant effect on the poverty rate in districts/cities in West Kalimantan Province.

The purpose of this study is to determine the variables that affect Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Indonesia in 2022 using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) with Adaptive Gaussian kernel weighting function. The data used in this study uses secondary data taken from the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics. The variables used are gross regional domestic product of 34 provinces in Indonesia (Y, in billion rupiah), labor force participation rate (X1, in %), foreign investment (X2, in million dollars), open unemployment rate (X3, in %) and human development index (X4, in %). Data were analyzed using GWR with adaptive gaussian kernel weighting function. GRDP in all provinces on the island of Sumatra (11 provinces), DKI Jakarta province, Banten province, and West Kalimantan province are influenced by foreign investment (X2) and human development index (X4). Meanwhile, GRDP in the other 19 provinces is only influenced by foreign investment (X2). GWR model with adaptive gaussian kernel weighting function is formed differently for each province in Indonesia. Keywords: Adaptive gaussian kernel; GWR; gross regional domestic product

Open unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment to the total labor force. Unemployment data is a combination of cross section data and time series data are commonly called panel data. This study aims to be modeling the open unemployment rate in Central Java province in 2008 to 2013 by using panel data regression. To estimate the panel data regression model, there are three approaches, the common effect model, fixed effect model and random effects model. Estimation of panel data regression model is used the fixed effect model with cross section weight. The model show that the percentage of population aged 15 years and over who worked by the highest education attained is Senior High School/Vocational School, Senior High School Gross Enrollment Rate (GER), dependency ratio and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) significantly affect the open unemployment rate by generating for 81,65 %. Keywords : Cross Section Weight, Fixed Effect Model, Panel Data Regression, Open Unemployment, Central Java Province

Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the economic indicators according to various economic instruments in which clearly visible macro-economic conditions of a region. Infrastructure is the most primary public infrastructure in supporting a country's economic activities, and the availability of infrastructure greatly determines the level of efficiency and effectiveness of economic activities. This study aims to analyze how much electricity, road, and health infrastructure affects gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency. This research covers the area of Sidoarjo Regency. This study uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency with a period of 15 years from 2005-2019. The analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model using computer tools SPSS program (Statistic Program For Social Science) Version 13.0 that shows the influence between free variables and bound variables. The end result is that electricity infrastructure variables have a positive and significant influence on gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency. Variable road infrastructure and health infrastructure have a positive but insignificant influence on gross regional domestic product in Sidoarjo Regency.