The Effect of New Spin Wheel Training on Improving Service Technique Skills in The Table Tennis Student Activity Unit

Comparative Effects of ICT-Integrated Learning Strategies on Spatial Reasoning Skills Among Nigerian Lower Primary School Pupils

Improving Primary School Students’ Creative Writing and Social-Emotional Learning Skills through Collaborative Digital Storytelling

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of social-emotional competence training on social skills and empathy among preschool children in Shahreza. Methods and Materials: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group, using a pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consisted of 30 preschool children selected through non-random convenience sampling and divided equally into the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received social-emotional competence training across eight sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. Data were collected using the Empathy Questionnaire (Yong et al., 2009) and the Social Skills Rating System—Teacher Form (Gresham & Elliott, 1990). Analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: The results of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) demonstrated that social-emotional competence training had a significant effect on social skills and empathy in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, for total social skills, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test, F(1, 27) = 47.09, p < .001, η² = .636, indicating a large effect size. Significant improvements were also observed in the individual components: self-control, F(1, 27) = 77.02, p < .001, η² = .740; cooperation and empathy, F(1, 27) = 58.08, p < .001, η² = .683; assertiveness, F(1, 27) = 69.22, p < .001, η² = .719; and responsibility, F(1, 27) = 4.03, p = .045, η² = .430. Additionally, for empathy, the experimental group showed a significant increase in post-test scores, F(1, 27) = 22.43, p < .001, η² = .454, demonstrating a medium to large effect. These findings confirm the efficacy of the training program in enhancing social and emotional competencies. Conclusion: Social-emotional competence training is effective in improving social skills and empathy among preschool children. The results support the integration of structured social-emotional training programs in early childhood education to promote social and emotional development. Early interventions may yield lasting benefits, equipping children with essential skills for academic and social success.

Aim of the study: The study aims to find out the effect of Health Education on Prevention of Childhood obesity is effective among teachers. Problem statement: Does school-based health education on prevention of childhood obesity is effective among teachers working in English medium schools, urban Maharashtra? Primary objective: The primary objective was used to find out the effect of Health Education on Prevention of Childhood obesity is effective among teachers. Secondary objectives: 1) To assess the knowledge of school teachers on prevention of childhood obesity in experimental and control group before intervention. 2) To assess the knowledge of school teachers on prevention of childhood obesity in experimental and control group after intervention. 3) To find out the effect of school-based health education on prevention of childhood obesity among school teachers. 4) To find out the association between posttest knowledge scores and demographic variable of school teachers in experimental group. Method: A quasi-experimental design with non-randomized comparison group was used to assess the effect Health Education on Prevention of Childhood Obesity is Effective among 120 Teachers. The data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. Results: From the findings, it was observed that the pre-intervention demographic variables of school teachers in control and experimental group were more or less similar revealing both the groups had similar characteristics. It was observed that the percentages of knowledge (control group; 45% & experimental group; 52.2%) on prevention of childhood obesity among school teachers were more or less similar before intervention. However, after an intervention, the percentage of knowledge prevention of childhood obesity was significantly increased from 52.2% to 76.5% in experimental group whereas it was almost remained unchanged in control group. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores in experimental group. And, there was also a significant difference (p<0.0001) between the post tests of control and experimental group. No significant association (p>0.05) was found between knowledge on prevention of childhood obesity and age, gender, religion, qualification, professional experience, & income of school teachers. Interpretation and conclusion:The data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistic.The result of the study indicated that after intervention there was an improvement in the knowledge score.Analysis of data shows that highly difference found between the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores at the level of (p<0.05).The hypothesis proved and accepted.

Background and Aim: In recent years, the physical fitness of Chinese college students has been declining. There are many reasons for this situation, such as students' lack of physical exercise. How to let students make rational use of recreational time, actively participate in sports activities, develop long-term exercise habits, develop students' recreational sports participation, improve sports skills, cultivate sports interest, and gain sports experience are issues that schools should pay attention to. This study aims to develop a recreational sports participation model to improve the physical fitness of students. The main research aims are (1) to study the current situation of college students’ physical fitness and recreational sports participation at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. (2) To develop a recreational sports participation model to enhance the physical fitness of students at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. (3) To evaluate the effectiveness of the recreational sports participation model in enhancing the physical fitness of students at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. Materials and Methods: This study adoption of Research and Development(R&amp;D) research methodology. Has the following 4 steps. Step 1 Research (R1) is to study the theories of recreational sports and the current situation of sports participation. The population is 1889 juniors in 26 majors at Fuzhou Institute of Technology, 1,133 males and 756 females. (2) Teachers of 26 majors at Fuzhou Institute of Technology. The sample are questionnaire of 344 students, interviews with 30 students, and 8 teachers. Step 2 Development (D1) is to develop the recreational sport participation model. The tools are (1) the Recreational Sports Participation Model and (2) the Physical Fitness Test Form. Step 3 Research (R2) is to implement the program of the recreational sport participation model. Stratified random sampling was used to select 104 students from 1889 juniors to participate in the 8-week experimental study. The control and experimental groups had 52 students each. There were 26 male students and 26 female students. Step 4 Development (D2) is to evaluate the recreational sport participation model. Analyze the test scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the experiment. Data analysis:(1) Experimental pre-test and post-test data were subjected to a paired samples t-test. (2) An independent samples t-test was done for the comparison of pre-test performance scores and post-test performance scores of the two groups. Results: Research (R1): The lack of organization and management in the school's sports policy. Students have enough recreational time to spend every day. However, due to the lack of awareness of physical exercise, and lack of exercise goals and plans, most of the time is spent on non-sports recreational activities. The types of projects for physical exercise are single, mainly for ball sports and running, such as basketball, badminton, and table tennis. The number of exercises and the duration of exercise are not fixed. Participating in sports helps relax the body and mind and maintain good health. Development (D1): The recreational sport participation model developed in this study uses the FITT principle. It was developed by combining the relevant dimensions of recreational sports and sports participation. That is, frequency (F), intensity (I), time (T), and type (T): behavior, motivation, limitation, and satisfaction. Research (R2): Students' post-test scores were better than pre-test scores. Students' physical fitness is enhanced, and significant changes occur. Development (D2): The results of the paired samples t-test, the post-test scores of the experimental group were higher than the pre-test scores, and there was a significant difference. The analysis of the independent samples t-test results, there is no significant difference between the pre-test scores of the experimental and control groups. The posttest scores of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. There is a significant difference. And there was no significant difference in the comparison of the two groups' scores for body composition. Recreational sports participation models are effective. Conclusion: College students have plenty of recreational time, but the lack of rational use of recreational time to participate in physical activity limits the discovery of physical fitness. This study analyzes the relevant theories of recreational sports and sports participation, combining students' interests, exercise habits, sports experience, satisfaction, and other factors, and is based on the relevant theories of the FITT principle. A recreational sports participation model aimed at developing college students' bodies was developed. The experimental study showed that the physical fitness post-test scores of the students in the experimental group showed a better improvement compared with the pre-test scores, and significant changes occurred. The recreational sport participation model developed in this study to develop college students' physical fitness is effective. Recreational sports participation models are effective.

Objectives: To assess the level of pain among post-caesarean mothers in experimental group before hand and foot massage. To assess the level of pain among post-caesarean mothers in control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of hand and foot massage on level of pain among experimental group in terms of pain reduction. To find out an association between pre-test pain scores of experimental group with their selected socio-demographical variables. To find out an association between pre-test pain scores of control group with their selected socio-demographical variables. Research design: A quasi-experimental; Pre-test post-test control group design was used to select 20 post-caesarean mothers, who were divided into two groups (experimental group & control group). Tool: The demographic Proforma were collected using structured interview schedule & Modified Mcgill Pain Questionnaire to measure the level of pain. Data obtained in these areas were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that, There was statistical difference in post-test and pre-test score regarding pain reduction among post-caesarean mothers in experimental group at 0.05 level of significance. There was statistical difference in the post-test score regarding pain among post-caesarean mothers in experimental group and control group at 0.05 level of significance. There was no significant association between pre-test pain score of both experimental and control group with their and selected demographic variables. This indicated that the post-test pain score of control group was greater than the experimental group who were exposed to Hand and Foot Massage. Conclusion: Therefore, the study concluded that hand and foot massage was effective, in-expensive and easily applied strategy for reduction of pain among post-caesarean mothers.

Asynchronous e-learning allows for targeted teaching, particularly advantageous when bedside and didactic education is insufficient. An asynchronous e-learning curriculum has not been studied across multiple centers in the context of a clinical rotation. We hypothesize that an asynchronous e-learning curriculum during the pediatric emergency medicine (EM) rotation improves medical knowledge among residents and students across multiple participating centers. Trainees on pediatric EM rotations at four large pediatric centers from 2012 to 2013 were randomized in a Solomon four-group design. The experimental arms received an asynchronous e-learning curriculum consisting of nine Web-based, interactive, peer-reviewed Flash/HTML5 modules. Postrotation testing and in-training examination (ITE) scores quantified improvements in knowledge. A 2 × 2 analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tested interaction and main effects, and Pearson's correlation tested associations between module usage, scores, and ITE scores. A total of 256 of 458 participants completed all study elements; 104 had access to asynchronous e-learning modules, and 152 were controls who used the current education standards. No pretest sensitization was found (p = 0.75). Use of asynchronous e-learning modules was associated with an improvement in posttest scores (p < 0.001), from a mean score of 18.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.92 to 18.98) to 21.30 (95% CI = 20.69 to 21.91), a large effect (partial η(2) = 0.19). Posttest scores correlated with ITE scores (r(2) = 0.14, p < 0.001) among pediatric residents. Asynchronous e-learning is an effective educational tool to improve knowledge in a clinical rotation. Web-based asynchronous e-learning is a promising modality to standardize education among multiple institutions with common curricula, particularly in clinical rotations where scheduling difficulties, seasonality, and variable experiences limit in-hospital learning.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women in developing countries. Women’s behavior in the early detection of the disease is influenced by various factors. Material and methods: The study was carried out in selected area. Total 60 women in age group of 25-50 years, 30 for experimental group from village Mundia and 30 for control group from village Bhattia Bet study was done by using nonprobability convenience sampling technique. Results: Total 60 women are included in the study. The study assessed the demographic variables of women in the control and experimental groups. In terms of age, most women in the control group were 31-40 years, while majority were in the experimental group 25-30 years. Regarding education, most women in both groups had completed 10th grade. Occupation wise, most women were housewifes & small percentage in private or government jobs. Most women in both groups were married, with family incomes primarily between ?5000-?10,000. A few women had a family history of cancer. The majority of women in the control group received information from mass media, while in the experimental group, it was from health workers. Only one woman in the experimental group had a previous Pap smear test. The comparison of pre and post-test mean knowledge scores on cervical cancer showed that in the control group, the pre and post-test scores (9.53, 12.23) were statistically non-significant. However, in the experimental group, the pre and post-test scores (9.37, 31.47) showed a highly significant difference at p<0.05. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the pre-test mean knowledge scores of the control and experimental groups (9.53 vs 9.37), but the post-test scores (12.23 vs 31.47) were significantly different at p<0.05. Therefore, the structured teaching program was effective in improving women’s knowledge about cervical cancer, leading to the acceptance of the research hypothesis (H1). Conclusion: The study assessed the knowledge of women about cervical cancer before and after implementing a structured teaching plan, with participants divided into experimental and control groups.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted disorder found among females of the reproductive age. The disease is on its rise because of lifestyle and environmental changes occurring with modernization. Prevalence of PCOS is highly variable ranging from 2.2% to 26% globally. In India the prevalence was reported 9.13% and 22.5% by Rotterdam’s criteria and androgen excess society criteria respectively. Aerobic Exercise increases energy expenditure and physical activity in PCOS have shown to have a good impact on improving the anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, waist circumference, and metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol, IR, and lipid profile thus reducing metabolic syndrome and other risk factors associated with PCOS such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and infertility. Statement of Problem: “Effectuality of aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms of PCOS among female nursing students at selected nursing college of Hubballi.” Objectives: To assess the signs and symptoms of nursing students with PCOS in both the experimental and control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms PCOS among nursing students with PCOS in experimental group. To compare the post-test scores regarding signs and symptoms of PCOS of nursing students in experimental and control group. To find out an association between pre-test scores of experimental group with their selected socio-demographical variables. To find out an association between pre-test scores of control group with their selected socio-demographical variables. Methodology: A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms of PCOS among nursing students of selected Nursing College, Hubballi. The research design used for the study was Quasi-experimental; Pre-Test, Post- Test Control Group Design. The setting of the study was KLES’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Vidyanagar, Hubballi and SVP MVP Institute of Nursing Sciences, Hubballi. Results: Revealed that in experimental group, majority of subjects 9(60%) had moderate PCOS symptoms, 6(40%) had severe menstrual symptoms in pre-test, where as in post test 9(60%) had mild PCOS symptoms and 6(40%) had moderate PCOS symptoms. In control group, majority of the subjects 10(66%) severe PCOS symptoms and 5(34%) had moderate PCOS symptoms in pre test, where as in post-test all of the subjects 15(100%) had moderate PCOS symptoms. In Experimental Group The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (tcal= 13.62)* was greater than the tabulated value (ttab=2.14). Hence H1 was accepted. In Control Group. The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (tcal= 9.81)* was greater than the tabulated value (t tab=2.14). Hence H2 was accepted. The calculated unpaired ‘t’ value for experimental and control group t cal value (8.00)* was greater than the ttab value (2.043). This indicates that the mean reduction in PCOS symptom scores of nursing students in the experimental group who have practiced aerobic exercises was higher than those in the control group Hence H3 was accepted. There was no statistical association between pre test PCOS symptom scores of the subjects in experimental group and their selected demographic variables Hence H4 was rejected. There was no statistical association between pre-test PCOS symptom scores of the subjects in control group and their selected demographic variables. Hence H5 was not accepted. Conclusion: Therefore, the study concluded that, the overall pre-test PCOS score was moderate to severe. The post-test scores of nursing students who performed aerobic exercise showed significant reduction in signs &amp; symptoms of PCOS. There was no significant association between the pre test hemoglobin level of subjects and their selected demographic variable. Keywords: PCOS, Aerobic exercise, nursing students, experimental group, control group.

Introduction. The problem and the aim of the study. Although the 2022 South Korean national curriculum revision emphasizes digital competencies and education for sustainable development (ESD), there is a lack of empirically validated programs that integrate these components in secondary education. This study aims develop and evaluate an innovative educational program that leverages realistic Edutech to promote sustainable consumption among high school students in South Korea. Research methods. The participants consisted of a total of 87 students, with 50 assigned to the experimental group and 37 to the control group. Surveys measuring sustainable consumption behavior and consumer citizenship competency were administered to all participants. For data analysis, SPSS Win Version 21.0 was used. A t-test was conducted to verify the homogeneity between the experimental and control groups. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) and paired t-tests were performed on both groups. KEYWORDS Results. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted using pre-test scores as covariates to compare post-test scores between the experimental and control groups. After controlling for pre-intervention scores on sustainable consumption behavior, the estimated post-test mean was 4.009 for the experimental group and 3.611 for the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (F = 7.747, p &lt; .01). A comparison of pre- and post-test scores also confirmed the program’s effectiveness. In the experimental group, sustainable consumption behavior significantly improved from 3.204 to 3.939 (p &lt; .001), while the control group showed a smaller but statistically significant increase from 3.464 to 3.706 (p &lt; .05). Regarding consumer citizenship competency, the experimental group showed a significant improvement from 3.160 to 3.460 (p &lt; .001), whereas the control group’s score slightly decreased from 3.730 to 3.622, which was not statistically significant (p &gt; .05). Conclusion. These results suggest that the Realistic Edutech-based Sustainable Consumption Education Program had a positive effect on both sustainable consumption behavior and consumer citizenship competency among female high school students.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to implement and evaluate the effect of an online psychoeducation program aimed at enhancing bystander intervention skills in bullying of gifted secondary school students. For this purpose, the present study examined the effect of the bullying bystander intervention psychoeducation program called FASKU (notice, interpret immediately, take responsibility, decide, and apply) on the intervention skills of gifted secondary school students who were bystanders to bullying. Method: The study was carried out with a group of gifted students enrolled in the 5th and 6th grades at the Science and Art Center. A study group was formed with 22 gifted students, including the experimental (11 students) and control (11 students) groups. In the study, data were obtained with Bystander Intervention Scale in Bullying (BISB). Within the scope of this study, the experimental group received a 6-session online psychoeducation program, whereas the control group did not undergo any intervention. The research design is a quasi-experimental model with experimental and control groups (pretest, posttest, and follow-up test). Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the psychoeducation program implemented in the experimental group led to a discernible improvement in the bystander intervention skills of the gifted students. Based on this result, it can be inferred that the psychoeducation program demonstrates efficacy in enhancing the bystander intervention abilities of gifted students. Discussion: Upon evaluating the results obtained in this regard, it becomes evident that the program exhibits efficacy in enhancing the bystander intervention abilities of students in bullying within the experimental group, who were subjected to the program. Bystander intervention psychoeducation program in bullying, psychoeducational programs applied to gifted students, and online therapy issues were discussed. Result and Recommendations: A statistically significant difference was noted between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group; however, the posttest scores did not vary statistically from the follow-up test scores. It was concluded that the posttest scores of the experimental group were significantly different from the posttest scores of the control group, and there was no significant difference between the posttest scores and pretest scores of the control group from the bystander intervention scale in bullying.

Objective: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders are exposed to mental distress because of having a disabled child more than parents with children with other psychological disorders, and their children's disorder has a negative effect on their hope and life satisfaction. The present study aimed to examining the effectiveness of group positive parenting training on increasing hope and life satisfaction in mothers of children with autism.Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control and experimental groups. Mothers with autistic children (6-15 years) in Rasht consisted the statistical population of the study. All the children had a medical record and autism diagnosis based on DSM-IV-TR by a psychiatrist. Hope Questionnaires by Snyder and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire by Diener were implemented. Participants of the experimental group received positive parenting training for 8 sessions, and participants of the control group were put in the state of waiting. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate covariance analysis) were used for data analysis.Results: In this study, 27 mothers of children with autism were examined. The mean and standard deviation of the age of mothers in the experimental group was 36.14± 2.47 years and it was 37± 3.62 years for mothers in the control group. The results of univariate covariance analysis revealed a significant difference between the scores of pretest and posttest of the experimental and control groups in life satisfaction (Sum of square = 16.558, F = 13.534, DF = 1, P = 0.002, 〖=ƞ〗^2 = 0.361).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using group positive parenting training can have a positive effect on dimensions of hope and life satisfaction in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Statement of the Problem: A study to assess the effectiveness of Billig’s exercise in reducing dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls at Alchemy school, saravanampatti, Coimbatore. Study objective: (a) To assess the pre test level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in the experimental and control group(b)To assess the post test level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in the experimental and control group (c)To assess the effectiveness of Billigs exercise on dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in the experimental group (d) To find out the association between post test level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls with their selected demographic variables. Methodology: Experimental approach, a subtype of quantitative approach, the research design was quasi experimental design, non equivalent control group pre test and post test was used for the present study. The sample for the study consists of 60 adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group, selected by purposive sampling techniques, a type of non probability sampling method. Numerical Pain Intensity Scale was used to assess the level of menstrual pain of adolescent girls is both group. Results: Inferential and descriptive statistical were used to analyze the data. The pre test value of menstrual pain in adolescent girls for experimental and control group was 5.2 and 4.63 respectively. The mean post test score was 1.8 and 4.33 for experimental and control group. The comparison was done between two group by performing the independent‘t’ test and the value was 5.57.Conclusion: The study shows that Billig’s exercise is effective to reduce menstrual pain among adolescent girls.

A study to assess the effectiveness of selected exercise in reducing dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls at selected school, Lucknow. Study objective: (a) To assess the pre test level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in the experimental and control group(b)To assess the post test level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in the experimental and control group (c)To assess the effectiveness of selected exercise on dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls in the experimental group (d) To find out the association between post test level of dysmenorrhoea among adolescent girls with their selected demographic variables. Methodology: Experimental approach and the research design was quasi experimental design used for the present study. The sample for the study consists of 120 adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea, 60 in experimental group and 60 in control group and it was selected by purposive sampling techniques. Numerical Pain Intensity Scale was used to assess the level of menstrual pain of adolescent girls is both groups Results: Inferential and descriptive statistical were used to analyze the data. The pre test value of menstrual pain in adolescent girls for experimental and control group was 6.2 and 4.63 respectively. The mean post test score was 1.8 and 4.3 for experimental and control group. The comparison was done between two group by performing the independent ‘t’ test and the value was 6.57. Conclusion: The study shows that Billig’s exercise is effective to reduce menstrual pain among adolescent girls.

This study investigated the impact of direct attention training on aggressiveness of healthcare workers in Kogi State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental design was adopted for this study. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select forty-seven male and female health workers in Kogi State. The first stage of the multi-stage sampling process was the selection of two health care services: Prince Abubakar Audu University Teaching Hospital Ayinba and Peace Hospital Ayingba Kogi State. The second stage involved the identification of aggressive health workers using Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Forty-seven (47) health workers scoring 70 % or higher on the aggression assessment were identified as displaying aggressive behavior. The third stage involved the selection of health care services into experimental group using simple random sampling technique. Prince Abubakar Audu University Teaching Hospital Ayingba which comprised twenty-three (23) participants belonged to Group A and were given Direct attention training while Peace Hospital Ayingba with twenty-four (24) participants belonged to Group B (control group). The control group were not given any treatment during the study. Data collected for this study were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypothesis was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed a significant impact of direct attention training on the aggressiveness of both the experimental and control groups among healthcare workers in Kogi State, Nigeria. The health workers in direct attention and control groups had mean scores of 92.07 and 91.02 respectively on aggressiveness. On exposure to treatment, those in the control group had higher posttest mean score of 86.91 than their counterparts in the direct attention group (mean = 50.72, SD = 5.81). Direct attention had significant effect on health workers’ aggressiveness in the experimental and control groups (F1, 27 = 208.350, P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, control group had the higher estimated marginal mean of 87.92 than those in the direct attention group with an adjusted mean score of 51.43. The study suggests that Kogi State should consider employing health psychologists to manage and control aggressive behavior among healthcare workers.