Abstract
Accurately predicting battery behavior, while using low input data, is highly desirable in embedded simulation architectures like grid or integrated energy system analysis. Currently, the available vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) models achieve highly accurate predictions of electrochemical behavior or control algorithms, while the optimization of the required input data scope is neglected. In this study, a parametrization tool for a DC grey box simulation model is developed using measurements with a 10 kW/100 kWh VRFB. An objective function is applied to optimize the required input data scope while analyzing simulation accuracy. The model is based on a differential-algebraic system, and an optimization process allows model parameter estimation and verification while reducing the input data scope. Current losses, theoretical storage capacity, open circuit voltage, and ohmic cell resistance are used as fitting parameters. Internal electrochemical phenomena are represented by a self-discharge current while material related losses are represented by a changing ohmic resistance. Upon reducing input data the deviation between the model and measurements shows an insignificant increase of 2% even for a 60% input data reduction. The developed grey box model is easily adaptable to other VRFB and is highly integrable into an existing energy architecture.
Highlights
Leading Europe to a more sustainable future, especially considering the energy production, the amount of renewable energy sources (RES) in the grid increased rapidly during the last decade
Ten different variations of the vector parameters SOC and applied DC power (Papl) are defined to determine the effect of different input data scopes on the parameter estimation and on the accuracy of the model
While during Cases 2A and 3A the battery behavior is interpolated between end point values of the power range, Case 2B and Case 3B show an extrapolation of the behavior, as only middle values are used
Summary
Leading Europe to a more sustainable future, especially considering the energy production, the amount of renewable energy sources (RES) in the grid increased rapidly during the last decade. Compared to conventional power plants, e.g., coal, RES are often not located on central network connection points, but are widespread over rural areas. RES lead to high fluctuations in the daily generation profile all over the grid and to grid stability problems like infringement of local voltage or power quality. The use of electric energy storage (EES) is a possible option to mitigate negative effects of the decentralized intermittent RES [1]. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), developed and patented in 1980s by M. Skyllar-Kazacos et al [2], have drawn attention especially for large storage applications. Many research groups have been focused on improving
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