The Effect of Hope on Functional Recovery in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective To explore the current situation of the hope level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and analyze the influencing factors .Methods Eighty-five pulmonary tuberculosis patients from May 2011 to May 2013 were chosen according to the convenience sampling method , and were surveyed by the general information questionnaire , Herth hope scale , social support scale , family APGAR and Jalowies coping inventory.Results The total score of Herth was （35.48 ±2.96）, and the cases of the low level were 28 cases （32.90%）, and the cases of the middle level were 42 cases （49.40%）, and the cases of the high level were 15 cases （17.60%）.The One-Way ANOVA analysis showed that the gender , age, illness, income level, average times of hospitalization every year , degree of functional defects have close relation to the hope level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients .The hope level in patients was positively related with the family care , social support and the factors of Jalowies coping inventory including seeking support , optimistic, palliative, face, escape and fate , and was negative correlation with self-reliance belonged to Jalowies scales .Conclusions The hope level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients is at the middle or low level .To increase the patients ’ family care and social support , and change the coping style have positive effect on improving the hope level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients . Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis; Hope level; Coping style; Influencing factors

Objective To explore the application of palliative care health education in patients with liver cancer, observe its effect on patients’ hope level. Methods 145 patients with liver cancer were selected as the research objects, whose hope level was assessed by the Herth Hope Index on admission. And all patients were given palliative care health education during the hospitalization. The hope level was assessed again 1 month after discharge. Results The score of hope level of liver cancer patients was (31.889±3.609) points before the intervention, which was in the medium level; the hope level of liver cancer patients was (35.534±3.373) points after the intervention, which was improved compared with that before the intervention, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Palliative care health education can improve the hope level of liver cancer patients, and nursing staff should strengthen the psychological spiritual support and care for cancer patients to improve the patients' hope level and quality of life. Key words: Palliative care; Health education; Liver cancer; Hope level

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;INTRODUCTION:&lt;/strong&gt; Despite the importance of the hope level increment in the patients with major depression disorder, fewer interventions have been applied to improve the hope level in the psychiatric patients, especially the depressed individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;/strong&gt; To identify the dignity therapy effect on the hope level in the patients with major depression disorder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;METHOD:&lt;/strong&gt; In this random controlled clinical trial, 58 patients with major depression disorder, who were hospitalized in Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital of Mashhad, were separated into two intervention (28 individuals) and control (30 individuals) groups. The intervention group has taken the dignity therapy (based on the standard protocol in three 30-45 minutes sessions) and the control group have been undertaken the normal caregiving without intervention. The research tool was the Herth hope index, which was filled exactly before and after intervention. The data analysis has been done by SPSS 11.5 and exact Fischer tests, Chi square, independent t-test and paired t-test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; 65.5 percent of the patients were female and 34.5 percent were male. Before the intervention, there was no significant statistical difference between the dignity therapy group (19.9±2.8) and the control group (20.5±1.6) in the average total hope score (p=0.39). However, the variations of the average total hope score before and after intervention between the dignity therapy group (4.7±2.9) and the control group (0.1±1.9) was significant (p&amp;lt;0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; According to the dignity therapy effect on the hope level increment in patients with major depression disorder, this unique and short clinical trial can be employed to increase the hope level in the patients with depression disorder.&lt;/p&gt;

Objective: To investigate current status of acceptance of disability and hope level in burn patients and the correlation. Methods: Totally 216 hospitalized burn patients conforming to the study criteria were admitted to Department of Burns of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from September 2016 to May 2017. Self-made General Information Questionnaire, Acceptance of Disability Scale-Revised and Herth Hope Index score were adopted to investigate condition of acceptance of disability and hope level of burn patients with different general information and to record the score, score of acceptance of disability and the dimensions, score of hope level and the dimensions of 216 patients. Correlation between scores of acceptance of disability and hope level and their dimensions was analyzed. Data were processed with t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: (1) Scores of acceptance of disability and hope level of patients with different age, gender, and relationship status were close (t=-1.299, -0.249, -1.142, -0.315, F=1.168, 2.362, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in score of acceptance of disability and hope level of patients with different burn sequela, inhalation injury, education level, population category, home address, burn degree, and burn depth (t=9.581, 7.854, -8.385, -7.972, F=2.989, 2.958, 7.759, 4.928, 8.099, 8.489, 44.942, 32.071, 8.221, 5.570, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (2) Score of acceptance of disability of patients was (70.4±19.0) points, which was in medium level. Among 4 dimensions of acceptance of disability of patients, dimension of expansion of values scope had the highest score [(22.1±6.0) points], and it was followed by dimension of transformation from comparison value to fixed value [(20.1±5.9) points] and dimension of tolerance for disability's influence [(18.9±6.3) points], and dimension of subordination to body shape had the lowest score [(9.3±2.8) points]. (3) Score of hope level of patients was (31.2±7.8) points, which was in medium level. Among 3 dimensions of hope level, dimension of keeping close relationship with other people had the highest score [(10.8±2.6) points], and it was followed by dimension of taking positive action [(10.6±2.5) points], and dimension of positive attitude to reality and future had the lowest score [(9.9±3.1) points]. (4) There were significantly positive correlations between scores of acceptance of disability and its dimensions and hope level and its dimensions of patients (with r values from 0.522 to 0.884, P<0.01). Conclusions: Burn patients with different general information have different scores of acceptance of disability and hope level. Acceptance of disability and hope level of patients with burns need to be improved, and there is significantly positive correlation between acceptance of disability and hope level.

This study aimed to investigate the current hope levels in patients with primary liver cancer by analyzing the risk indicators of hope levels, constructing and validating a novel hope score-based predictive model. A total of 206 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to the hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery department of a tertiary hospital from October 2020 to June 2021 were included. The Herth Hope Index was utilized to assess hope levels, and based on the questionnaire results, the patients were categorized into low-hope (≤ 30 points) and high-hope (> 30 points) groups. Single-factor analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis were conducted to explore the factors influencing hope levels in patients with primary liver cancer. A nomogram was plotted, and a risk prediction model for hope levels in these patients was developed. The predictive performance of the nomogram model was evaluated using calibration plots, the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, and other relevant assessments. Total of 206 patients participated in the questionnaire survey, with 82 patients (39.81%) categorized as belonging to the low-hope group. The results of the single-factor analysis showed statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05) in marriage status, education level, residence, occupation, family monthly income, reason for hospitalization or outpatient visit, pressure caused by the disease on the family, history of cirrhosis, and level of social support between the two groups. These variables were subsequently included in the logistic multivariate regression model. The results of the regression analysis indicated that marriage status, residence, family monthly income, and level of social support were independent risk factors. These four influencing factors were transformed into a visual predictive model, which yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.931 (95% CI 0.899–0.963) and demonstrated model significance (Hosmer–Lemeshow test: χ2 = 4.008, P = 0.856, P > 0.05). The observed and expected values generated by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were plotted as a scatter plot with a fitted linear trend, showing good consistency between the predictive model and actual risk. The constructed predictive model developed in this study exhibited good predictive capability for assessing the hope levels of patients with primary liver cancer. This model can assist clinical staff in rapidly identifying the psychological risk of low hope levels in patients, thereby providing valuable insights for the timely implementation of proactive management measures.

Objective To illustrate the current level of hope in patients with chronic heart failure and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A total of 230 patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in a ClassⅢ Grade hospital in Harbin between October 2015 and September 2017 were selected by convenient sampling. The general information questionnaire, Herth Hope Index (HHI) and the Self-Management Scale were used to evaluate their current level of hope and its influencing factors. Results The patients with chronic heart failure scored (30.15±6.52) and (53.72±11.93) respectively in the level of hope and the self-management ability. The results showed that the patients' marital status, heart functional grading, length of disease course and the self-management ability were the influencing factors to the patients' level of hope (P<0.05). Conclusions The level of hope in the patients with chronic heart failure was at a medium level. Medical and nursing workers should take individualized intervention measures to further improve the patients' level of hope and quality of life according to their specific situations. Key words: Heart failure; Level of hope; Self-management ability; Influencing factors

Background: Hope is an essential factor to consider when caring for patients with cancer, It is a key component of coping with adversity and important for patient well-being. Treatment can relieve a patient's symptoms or cure the disease. It may also increase the patient's level of hope. Objective: This study aimed to explore the preoperative and postoperative hope level of patients with newly diagnosed gastric cancer, and identify how it changes over time. Methods: The study sample included 162 patients who diagnosed with gastric cancer in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The study was conducted between January 2018 to July 2018. Herth Hope Index was used to assess hope level of patients before surgery, one month and six months after surgery. Results: The score of hope level of the patients before surgery, one month and six months after surgery was (34.20±3.75), (37.78±4.10) and (39.16±4.73) respectively. It was found that the score was gradually increasing (P<0.01). In particular, the dimensions of temporality and future (T) and interconnectedness (I) escalated obviously (P<0.01). Conclusions: This study indicates that the hope level of newly diagnosed gastric cancer patients was gradually improved after surgery. The finding remind us that we can take targeted measures to improve preoperative hope level of gastric cancer patients.

BackgroundThe global incidence of infertility is increasing, and infertility has become an important medical and social issue. With the widespread application of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology, the mental health problems of patients undergoing this treatment have gradually attracted widespread attention. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the level of hope, the fertility quality of life and negative emotions of patients who underwent IVF-ET treatment for the first time to provide a scientific basis for subsequent psychological support interventions.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. From February 2023 to October 2023, 1425 patients who received IVF-ET treatment for the first time participated in the questionnaire survey. The survey content included the General Information Questionnaire, the Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) Questionnaire, and the Herth Hope Index (HHI). Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships among the level of hope, fertility quality of life, and negative emotions.ResultsThe survey included 805 women and 620 men representing 603 couples. The level of hope in patients undergoing IVF-ET treatment for the first time was positively correlated with fertility quality of life (r = 0.247, P < 0.01), and the level of hope was negatively correlated with negative emotions (stress: r = − 0.135, P < 0.01; anxiety: r = − 0.105, P < 0.01; depression: r = − 0.189, P < 0.01). Fertility quality of life was negatively correlated with negative emotions (stress: r = − 0.609, P < 0.01; anxiety: r = − 0.533, P < 0.01; depression: r = − 0.591, P < 0.01). Among couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment for the first time, the husband’s level of hope (r = 0.131, P < 0.01), fertility quality of life (r = 0.372, P < 0.01), and negative emotions (stress: r = 0.181, P < 0.01; anxiety: r = 0.163, P < 0.01; depression: r = 0.210, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with those of his wife.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing their first IVF-ET treatment, there is a significant correlation among hope, fertility quality of life, and negative emotions. Moreover, within couples, the levels of hope, fertility quality of life, and negative emotions of husbands and wives mutually influence each other. Enhancing the level of hope in this population is conducive to alleviating negative emotions and improving their fertility quality of life. The mutual influence of spouses should not be overlooked in clinical practice, and psychological support for both partners should be emphasized.

Objective To investigate the level of hope in patients after total hip arthroplasty, and to analyze its correlation with social support and coping style. Methods A total of 155 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital from March 2016 to September 2017 were selected by convenience sampling method. The general information of patients was recorded. The Herth Hope Index (HHI) , Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to assess the level of hope, social support and coping styles. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the level of hope and social support and coping styles. Results The HHI score of patients after hip arthroplasty was (31.43±5.45) , at a moderate level. The SSRS score was (37.19±5.05) , positive coping (1.69±0.63) and negative coping (1.75±0.59) , among which the negative coping score was higher than the domestic norm (t=2.819, P<0.05) . It was shown in the Pearson correlation analysis, that hope level was positively related with social support and positive coping score (r=0.351, 0.428; P<0.05) , and negatively related with negative coping score (r=-0.415, P<0.05) . Conclusions The hope level of patients after hip arthroplasty is at a medium level. Nursing staff should adopt targeted nursing measures to enhance the level of social support for patients, guide them to adopt a positive coping style, in order to enhance their hope level. Key words: Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Hope level; Social support; Coping style

BackgroundTreatment of schizophrenia has traditionally aimed for symptomatic remission without addressing many daily problems patients face. Although no standard definition of functional recovery in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and early-phase (EP) schizophrenia exists in the literature, most clinicians consider it a useful concept in daily practice. We conducted a Delphi panel to develop expert consensus on assessing functional recovery in FEP and EP schizophrenia patients and defining its domains, which we compared with currently available patient- and clinician-reported outcome measures (PROMs, CROMs).MethodsThe three-stage modified Delphi panel consisted of a 1:1 interview round and two online survey rounds involving five expert steering committee and 16 panel members. We conducted a narrative review of the literature in PubMed to identify instruments assessing functioning in people with schizophrenia.ResultsPanelists were presented with 38 statements about functional recovery (definition, domains, and assessment) and approaches to achieving it. Panelists defined functional recovery for FEP and EP schizophrenia patients as a multidimensional state closely related to quality of life. When evaluating functional recovery, panelists agreed that assessing (1) depression, (2) aggressive behavior, (3) social interaction, (4) family functioning, (5) education and/or employment, (6) leisure activities, (7) self-care, and (8) sexual functioning was important. Panelists also agreed that asking patients about self-care and sexual functioning was less critical at every encounter. It was agreed that patients may be said to have reached partial functional recovery if they recovered in some but not all domains. There was consensus that long-acting injectable antipsychotics can facilitate functional recovery by increasing treatment adherence, lessening disease and treatment burden, and reducing functional decline. The literature review identified eight PROMs and CROMs that assess functioning in schizophrenia. However, none evaluated all eight domains of functional recovery.ConclusionsFunctional recovery is an important treatment goal in FEP and EP patients. PROMs and CROMs do not evaluate all eight domains of functional recovery agreed by the Delphi panel. Further research is needed to better understand and improve how functional recovery is assessed in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effect of health education on uncertainty in illness and hope level of patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 50 patients in each.The control group received routine treatment,the observation group was given health education based on routine treatment.After treatment Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale(MUIS)and Herth hope index(HHI)scale were used for effect evaluation.Results There were no significant differences on MUIS and HHI scores between two groups before nursing intervention.But after nursing intervention,MUIS score was lower and HHI score was higher in the observation group than those of the control group.Conclusions Health education on patients with acute coronary syndrome can reduce the uncertainty in illness and improve the level of their hopes. Key words: Acute coronary syndrome; Health education; Uncertainty in illness; Level of hope

Objective:To assess the mechanism underlying the effects of classical music on postoperative psychological stress and functional recovery in individuals with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted to collect clinical data on 130 patients with LDH who underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy at Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2023 to May 2024. The conventional care group included 67 patients who received conventional rehabilitation care, and the music therapy group comprised 63 patients who received conventional rehabilitation care plus a classical music-based relaxation and sleep-aid rehabilitation program. The psychological stress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Self-Perceived Burden Scale [SPBS], sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale [PSQI], comfort status (Kolcaba General Comfort Questionnaire [GCQ], functional recovery, and quality of life (the MOS 36-item Short Form Health Survey) before and after intervention were compared between the two groups. Nursing satisfaction of the two groups was compared.Results:After implementation, the HDS, HAS, SPBS, and PSQI scores of the music therapy group were lower than those of the conventional care group, whereas the GCQ score was higher (P < 0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the music therapy group was higher than that of the conventional care group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The classical music sleep rehabilitation program can effectively alleviate the postoperative psychological stress of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and improve their comfort and satisfaction, but has no significant effect on functional recovery.

Objective: Upper limb (UL) motor function recovery, especially distal function, is one of the main goals of stroke rehabilitation as this function is important to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The efficacy of the motor-imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) has been demonstrated in patients with stroke. Most patients with stroke receive comprehensive rehabilitation, including MI-BCI and routine training. However, most aspects of MI-BCI training for patients with subacute stroke are based on routine training. Risk factors for inadequate distal UL functional recovery in these patients remain unclear; therefore, it is more realistic to explore the prognostic factors of this comprehensive treatment based on clinical practice. The present study aims to investigate the independent risk factors that might lead to inadequate distal UL functional recovery in patients with stroke after comprehensive rehabilitation including MI-BCI (CRIMI-BCI).Methods: This prospective study recruited 82 patients with stroke who underwent CRIMI-BCI. Motor-imagery brain-computer interface training was performed for 60 min per day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement of the wrist and hand dimensionality of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (δFMA-WH). According to the improvement score, the patients were classified into the efficient group (EG, δFMA-WH > 2) and the inefficient group (IG, δFMA-WH ≤ 2). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze clinical and demographic data, including aphasia, spasticity of the affected hand [assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS-H)], initial UL function, age, gender, time since stroke (TSS), lesion hemisphere, and lesion location.Results: Seventy-three patients completed the study. After training, all patients showed significant improvement in FMA-UL (Z = 7.381, p = 0.000**), FMA-SE (Z = 7.336, p = 0.000**), and FMA-WH (Z = 6.568, p = 0.000**). There were 35 patients (47.9%) in the IG group and 38 patients (52.1%) in the EG group. Multivariate analysis revealed that presence of aphasia [odds ratio (OR) 4.617, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.435–14.860; p < 0.05], initial FMA-UL score ≤ 30 (OR 5.158, 95% CI 1.150–23.132; p < 0.05), and MAS-H ≥ level I+ (OR 3.810, 95% CI 1.231–11.790; p < 0.05) were the risk factors for inadequate distal UL functional recovery in patients with stroke after CRIMI-BCI.Conclusion: We concluded that CRIMI-BCI improved UL function in stroke patients with varying effectiveness. Inferior initial UL function, significant hand spasticity, and presence of aphasia were identified as independent risk factors for inadequate distal UL functional recovery in stroke patients after CRIMI-BCI.

Purpose: There is widespread acceptance that patients demonstrating neglect/hemi-inattention (HI) following right hemisphere stroke (RHS) underachieve functionally compared to their counterparts without neglect. However, empirical evidence for this view needs examination. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise relevant studies that compared outcomes from RHS patients with/without hemi-attention and suggest more robust follow-up research. Method: Twelve studies published in 1995–2013 were critically reviewed. Two independent reviewers appraised design features including sample representation, assessment and data analysis methods. Strengths and limitations were highlighted. Results: Results were largely inconsistent. Considerable heterogeneity within patient groups and across studies complicated interpretation. Evidence suggested average group disparity in scores between patients with and without HI at discharge but the cause of functional disparity could not be attributed specifically to HI from the data and modelling results available. Conclusion: The relationship between HI status and functional recovery warrants further investigation in studies with stronger methodology to ensure rigour and robustness in the results. Pending further research, HI status should not be regarded as a key predictor of functional recovery or rehabilitation potential in patients with RHSs. This group should continue to receive appropriate therapeutic intervention aimed at maximising their functional recovery post-stroke.Implications for RehabilitationFindings from this review demonstrate a paucity of evidence to support the presence of hemi-inattention as a key predictor of functional recovery in patients with right hemisphere stroke; as such, practitioners should take this into consideration when planning rehabilitation programmes of their patients.In the initial months following right hemisphere stroke, there are wide-ranging differences in the rate and amount of functional recovery in patients, with and without hemi-inattention. Practitioners should not limit the aspirations of their patients based on the presence or absence of hemi-inattention.This review has identified a number of measurement limitations in commonly employed assessment tools for hemi-inattention and overall functional recovery. As such, practitioners should take the limitations of specific measures into account when interpreting the results contextually and with respect to their patients’ situation.

Objectively measured physical activity volume serves as a predictive factor for functional recovery in patients with stroke. Malnutrition, a frequent complication of stroke, may influence the relationship between physical activity and functional recovery. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity volume and functional recovery in patients with stroke, stratified by their nutritional status. This multicenter prospective observational study included 209 patients with stroke admitted to two Japanese convalescent rehabilitation hospitals. Participants were categorized based on the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) at admission [≥92, high GNRI group ( n = 133); <92, low GNRI group ( n = 76)]. Physical activity levels were measured as the duration of total physical activity (TPA), which is the sum of light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, using a triaxial accelerometer during the first 7 days after admission. Outcome measures are represented as the relative gain of the motor score on functional independence measure (M-FIM effectiveness) during the first month after admission. The multiple regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, onset to admission intervals, motor paralysis, initial M-FIM, and cognitive FIM, showed that the duration of TPA in the first 7 days was significantly associated with the M-FIM effectiveness over the first month in both low GNRI [ B = 0.12, 95% confidential intervals (CI) = 0.01; 0.24, P = 0.049] and high GNRI group ( B = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01; 0.21, P = 0.027). This study demonstrates a positive predictive association between early TPA level and functional recovery in stroke patients, irrespective of their nutritional status.