Abstract
The removal efficiency of heavy metals from offshore muds is enhanced in the presence of generated chlorine gas (Cl2). The tests showed a high removal efficiency of heavy metals at the anode end of cores after 24 hours of EK application. In the initial tests, high electrokinetic flow potential was achieved; however, high levels of chlorine gas were produced in the high-salinity environments. The process was improved by controlling and maintaining a certain fraction of the chlorine gas (Cl2) in place. The pH was controlled by the chlorine gas maintained in-situ and transported from the anode to cathode. The transports of four heavy metals were evaluated in this study. The chlorine gas can have two impacts on the transport of metals in the system. One is to oxidize the metal ions to a higher oxidation state and the second is to form chloride complexes, which have higher mobility in the system. Determination of oxidation state and the subsequent metal chloride complex are left for future research.
Highlights
Electroremediationof heavy metals from muds have been studied by Haroun (2009) [1], Pamukcu (2009) [2] and Wittle and Pamukcu (1993) [3]
The apparatus consists of two chambers with the anode and cathode electrodes, D.C power supply, solution tanks, volumetric cylinders with gas measurement devices, peristaltic pumps, pressure measurement devices, and digital pH measurement device (Figure 1)
Two other samples were treated for 40 hours with two 8hour interruptions
Summary
Electroremediationof heavy metals from muds have been studied by Haroun (2009) [1], Pamukcu (2009) [2] and Wittle and Pamukcu (1993) [3]. The writers investigated the efficiency of electroremidiation in the presence of chlorine gas produced in high-salinity environment. The sample diameter of cores was 3.81 cm (1.5 inch); pH and temperature were measured continuously. The electrokinetics proved to be successful in enhancing oil recovery (EEOR) in actual field tests (Wittle, J.K. et al, 2008; Wittle, J.K. et al, 2011) [4,5]
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