Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, noninvasive technique to determine body composition. The fundamental principle of determining body composition via bioelectrical impedance is to determine the resistance to, or conductance of, a low voltage current applied to biological tissue. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is well correlated to total body water. Bioelectrical impedance is sensitive to fluid shifts namely changes in blood flow, changes in electrolyte concentration, and changes in hydration status and consequently bioelectrical impedance has been used as a tool to measure such changes. Thirty college-aged students, 18-25 years old, 18 men and 12 women were subjects for this study. Bioelectrical impedance was determined with the Tanita BC-418 at two time points. Subjects were instructed to drink 490ml of water then exercised on the treadmill for 30mins. Our results show a significant decrease in resistance in both the sum of the upper limbs and the sum of the lower limbs indicating a fluid shift that is related to the fluid consumed by the subjects, but independent of tonicity.
Highlights
Examination and study of mental features and characteristics of personality in the territory of sport psychology is important in both practical and theoretical viewpoints, since on one hand it affects sport performance directly or indirectly, and on the other hand, supplies the mutual relationship between the athlete and sport environment, using gained data
According to the first hypothesis there is no meaningful relationship between happiness and religious orientation
This research is in conflict with Peyman Azmodeh, Shahryar Shahidi and Esmat Danesh's research (2007) named "The relationships between the religious orientation, hardiness and happiness of college students" in which they reached to this conclusion that there is relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations, hardiness and its components and happiness
Summary
Examination and study of mental features and characteristics of personality in the territory of sport psychology is important in both practical and theoretical viewpoints, since on one hand it affects sport performance directly or indirectly, and on the other hand, supplies the mutual relationship between the athlete and sport environment, using gained data. According to this matter, study of psychological features including religious orientation and considering the relationship of this subject with happiness of athletes, can be an effective factor on sensible and logical decision-makings toward the more success of athletes.
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