Abstract
Forty male and 40 female undergraduates participated in a mixed-motive game. For the first 50 trials, a simulated “other player” used a tit-for-tat strategy which reciprocated the S’s choices with a one-trial lag. Ss who received the same choice from the “other” on the first trial became significantly more cooperative in the next 50 trials than Ss who received a different choice. A second phase explored some experimental treatments which were designed to change the degree of cooperation or competition shown by the S, and demonstrated significant effects in the predicted direction.
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