Abstract
In this study, the effects of etanercept, anakinra, and their combination on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats were pathologically evaluated. A total of 30 rats were separated into 5 groups as control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes + anakinra (DA), diabetes + etanercept (DE), and diabetes + anakinra + etanercept (DAE). Anakinra (10 mg/kg/day, s.c.) and etanercept (10 mg/kg, twice weekly, s.c.) were administered to the DA and DE groups, respectively, and the DAE group received both anakinra and etanercept for 21 days. Histopathologically, pathological changes related to diabetes in internal organs occurred in the diabetes group, and there was a significant decrease (improvement) in these changes in the treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the treatment groups, but some changes in the liver and kidneys were higher in the combined group which should be taken into account for longer use. Although there was no significant difference, etanercept was more effective on pancreatic lesion scores and anakinra was more effective on testicular changes. As a result, the single or combined use of IL-1 and TNF-α antagonists anakinra and etanercept were effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in rats without any toxic-pathological effect.
Highlights
In this study, the effects of etanercept, anakinra, and their combination on streptozotocininduced type 2 diabetes in rats were pathologically evaluated
Relative kidney weight increased in the D, diabetes + anakinra (DA) and diabetes + anakinra + etanercept (DAE) groups compared to the C group (P < 0.05)
The histopathological changes in the organs of the experimental Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model created with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin of the IL-1 antagonist anakinra and the TNF-α antagonist etanercept are presented in Tables 3 and 4
Summary
The effects of etanercept, anakinra, and their combination on streptozotocininduced type 2 diabetes in rats were pathologically evaluated. Pathological changes related to diabetes in internal organs occurred in the diabetes group, and there was a significant decrease (improvement) in these changes in the treatment groups (P < 0.05). The single or combined use of IL-1 and TNF-α antagonists anakinra and etanercept were effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in rats without any toxic-pathological effect. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by a steady increase in blood sugar levels developed by the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors (Mirmiran et al 2014). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease that results from ineffective use of insulin by the body and causes chronic hyperglycaemia (Gopalakrishnan and Geetha 2017).
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