Abstract
BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected almost 1.6 billion students or more than 90% of learners globally. However, the effect of school closures during COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent sleep duration remains unclear.MethodsWe undertook a cross-sectional electronic survey in six junior and senior high schools in Shanghai, China from late June to early July 2020. We evaluated the changes of sleep duration on weekdays by comparing sleep duration hours and insufficient sleep (< 9 h for children aged 6–13 years or < 8 h for teenagers aged 14–17 years) in COVID-19 school closures and after school reopening. We also investigated possible sex differences in the changes of sleep duration.ResultsA total of 3265 students completed the survey, the mean age was 14.56 ± 1.99 years, 1567 (47.99%) were girls and 1344 (41.17%) were in grades 10–12. The overall sleep duration decreased from 8.88 h in school closures to 7.77 h after school reopening, and the change (difference: − 1.11 h; 95%CI: − 1.16, − 1.07; P < 0.001) was statistically significant. The prevalence of insufficient sleep increased sharply from 21.10 to 63.98%, and the change (ratio:3.03; 95%CI:2.84, 3.23; P < 0.001) was statistically significant. Besides, the changes were greater in girls than in boys.ConclusionResults of this study revealed that sleep duration was longer and percentage of sufficient sleep was higher during COVID-19 school closures in adolescent students.
Highlights
Sufficient sleep during adolescence is important for rapid biologic growth and development, and mental and emotional health [1, 2]
We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown and conversion to remote learning on sleep duration with a sample of adolescent students in Shanghai, China
Differences and ratios between school closures and reopening were tested using paired t-test and mcc command, respectively. Considering that these data are hierarchical, with participants within grades nested within schools, we examined the effects of potential confounders on the quantitative and qualitative changes in sleep duration between school closures and after reopening using a multilevel generalized linear model and multilevel logistic regression model respectively
Summary
Sufficient sleep during adolescence is important for rapid biologic growth and development, and mental and emotional health [1, 2]. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented international public health emergency affecting 216 countries, areas or territories around the world [7]. To contain the spread of COVID-19, stay at home orders, the banning of groups congregating, mandating work, social and educational venue closures have all proven to be successful non-pharmaceutical intervention adopted by authorities [8], impacting nearly 1.6 billion learners (more than 90% of the world’s students) [9]. While a few studies have reported the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on sleep patterns among adults and college students [10, 11], it remains unclear how the school closures during COVID-19 pandemic affects adolescent sleep. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected almost 1.6 billion students or more than 90% of learners globally. The effect of school closures during COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent sleep duration remains unclear
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